PART-II

COURSES OF STUDY

3

(i) The Degree Course of B.H.M.S. (Degree) shall comprise a Course of study consisting of Curriculum and Syllabus provided in these regulations spread over a period of 5½ years, including compulsory Internship of one year duration after passing the Final Degree Examination; (ii) 1Every candidate after passing the final BHMS examination, shall undergo compulsory internship for a period of twelve months as per the procedure laid down in Annexure 'A' attached to these regulations. (iii) 1On successful completion of the internship and on the recommendation of the Principal of the Homoeopathic College concerned, the concerned University shall issue the Degree to such candidates.

PART-III

ADMISSION TO COURSE

4. Minimum Qualifications: No candidate shall be admitted to the B.H.M.S. (Degree) Course unless he has:-

   1. Passed the Intermediate Science or its equivalent examination with Physics, Chemistry and Biology as his subjects;
   2. attained the age of 17 years on or before 31st December of the year of his admission to the first year of the Course.
   3. Blind (including colour blind), deaf and/or dumb candidates shall not be allowed for admission in the course.

PART-IV

THE CURRICULUM

5. Subjects: Subjects for study and examination for the B.H.M.S. (Degree) Course shall be as under:-

   1. Anatomy.
   2. Physiology including Biochemistry.
   3. Organon of Medicine, Principles of Homoeopathic Philosophy & Psychology.
   4. Homoeopathic Pharmacy.
   5. Homoeopathic Materia Medica & Therapeutics.
   6. Pathology & Microbiology.
   7. Forensic Medicine and Toxicology.
   8. Practice of Medicine.
   9. Surgery.
   10. Obstetrics and Gynecology.
   11. Community Medicine.
   12. Case Taking and Repertory.

PART-V

¹6.  Syllabus for Direct Degree Course: Following shall be syllabus for B.H.M.S. (Direct Degree) Course:-

INTRODUCTION

Basic objectives of education and training in a Homoeopathic institution is to prepare a competent Homoeopathic Physician who is capable of functioning independently and effectively under Rural and Urban set ups.
In order to achieve this, the following syllabus and curriculum ha been designed:

A. Sound Foundation:-
To function effectively as a Homoeopathic physician a thorough grasp over the medical concepts is imperative. For this, the educational process shall be perceived as an integrated evolving process and not merely as an acquisition of a large number of disjointed facts.

A student shall have to pass through a Training procedure which encompasses the above well, right from Ist BHMS to IV BHMS and also during the internship period.

He shall undergo an education process wherein learning of Facts and Concepts right from 1st Year are in a continuity, in an evolutionary & progressive pattern. In 1st BHMS, student shall study the fundamental principles of Homoeopathy and will also learn more of applied anatomy than a multitude of minor anatomical details.

In IInd BHMS, a student shall be exposed to very vital concepts of susceptibility and symptomatology with Analysis-Evaluation and details of the Homoeopathic concepts, old logic of Homoeopathy. These will attain much deeper significance (if care is taken by teachers of pathology and Organon-Philosophy) when the current knowledge of INFLAMMATION, IMMUNITY, is correlated well with concepts of susceptibility.

In IIIrd BHMS, there is opportunity to fortify the foundation at the best by correlating between Theory of Chronic Diseases and the Patho-Physiological facts on the Gynecology, Surgery and Medicine. A student shall have to be taught the spectrums of various diseases in correlation with the spectrum of miasmatic manifestations. He will then be able to use a well concluded EVALUATION ORDER OF Characteristics to derive an Operationally valid reportorial Totality.

The knowledge gathered in this pattern will keep him constantly aware of his objectives and his role as a Homoeopathic Physician. The integration will eliminate the state of confusion. The Therapeutics Actions then will be right and complete, utilizing the full repertories of the Medicinal and Non-medicinal measures, keeping him up-to-date about all fresh scientific developments and inculcating values of continuous Medical Education.

B. Execution:-
Maximum emphasis shall be placed on the applied aspects of all the subjects. Thus teachings of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry will demand greater emphasis on applied aspects of these sciences. Teaching of Pathology will demand sharp focus on general Pathology, while Regional Pathology will come up as an application. It shall require correlation with Medicine, Surgery and Gynecology. All these need to be studied from Homoeopathic perspectiv, hence emphasis on applied aspect of Organon Philosophy & Homoeopathic Therapeutics representing application to all other subjects.

C. Inter-Departmental Co-ordination:-
Essential, the entire approach becomes an integrated approach. All departments shall develop a cohesive well defined programme which demand marked inter-departmental co-ordination.
It is therefore desirable to have teaching programmes wherein, by rotation each department participates in the teaching co-ordinating well with the other faculties with constant updating and evaluation. The co-ordination has to be in the way as given in the text under each subject inside these Regulations. This will ensure fundamental and exceptional clarity.

D. Deductive-Inductive Teaching:-
While teaching, there shall be balance in designing deductive and inductive process in mind. There shall be less emphasis on didactic lectures. Major portion of the time of the students shall be devoted to demonstrations, group discussions, seminars and clinics. Every attempt shall be made to encourage students to participate in all these to develop his personality, character, expressions and to ensure the grasp over concepts rapidly.

E. Patient Oriented Teachings:-
In order to impart the integrated medical education PATIENT has to be in the Centre right from day one of the IInd BHMS.
Importance of social factors in relation to the problem of health and disease shall receive proper emphasis throughout the course and to achieve this objective, the educational process shall be community as well as hospital based.
Based on the above concepts the course of studies as laid down in these Regulations will help to fulfill these needs. While doing so, the need of the hour, past experience in learning and teaching is taken into consideration.

ORGANON OF MEDICINE AND PRINCIPLES OF HOMOEOPATHIC PHILOSOPHY & PSYCHOLOGY

FIRST B.H.M.S

INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE OF HOMOEOPATHY

Organon-Philosophy is a vital subject which builds up the conceptual base for the Physician. It illustrates those principles which when applied in practice enable the Physician to obtain results, which he can explain rationally and repeats them in practice with greater competence. Focus of the Education and Training should be to build up the conceptual base.

Homoeopathy should be introduced as a Complete Rational System of Medicine with its Holistic, Individualistic and Dynamistic approach to life, Health, Disease, Remedy and cure.

In order to achieve this, study of logic, psychology and the fundamentals of Homoeopathic Science become quite important.

It is imperative to have clear grasp over Inductive-Deductive Logic, and its application and comprehending the fundamentals of Homoeopathic Science. Homoeopathic approach for the patients is a Holistic approach. Science demands from the Homoeopathic Physician, to comprehend his patient as a PERSON, his dispositional state of Mind (and Body), alongwith the disease process with its causes. Since we lay great emphasis on knowing the mind, knowledge of the psychology becomes imperative for a Homoeopathic Physician. Thus introduction to Psychology will assist Homoeopathic student to build up his conceptual base in his direction.

I. Fundamental of Homoeopathic Science.

Preliminary lectures on the evolution of medicinal practice by the ancients giving stress to rationalistic and vitalistics thoughts.

1. Short history of Hahnemann's life and contributions.
2. Brief life and contributions of early pioneers after Hahnemann.
3. Brief study of the early history of spread of homoeopathy & position of Homoeopathy in various countries.
4. Hahnemann's Organon of Medicine from aphorism 1 to 70.
5. Fundamental Principles of Homoeopathy.
6. Health: Hahnemann's and modern concept.
7. Introductory lectures on diseases, their classification, drug diseases, case taking and drug proving.

II. Logic.

The term 'Logic' means 'though' 'reason' 'Law' and is used to denote the totality of rules to which the process of thought is subjected, a process that reflects the reality. It is also used to denote the science of the rules of reasoning and the forms in which it occurs. As discussed earlier, to comprehend ORGANON-PHILOSOPHY, it is essential to acquaint with understanding of LOGIC in order to grasp inductive-deductive reasoning

III. Introduction to Psychology..

1. Definition of Psychology – as a Science and its differences from other Sciences. Concept of Mind – Contemporary schools of psychology with special reference to Behaviouristic and psychoanalytic approaches.
2. Scientific study of behaviour, intelligence, cause – effect relation – behaviouristic (Pavlov, Watson, Skinner) and dynamics of behaviour (Freud and Neo Freudians).
3. Basic concepts of sensation, perception, illusion, Hallucination, Delusion, Image, Intelligence, aptitude, attention, thinking and memory.
4. Emotion, motivation, personality, anxiety, conflict, frustration, psychomatic manifestations and dreams.
5. Developmental psychology – normal developments since birth to maturity (both physical and psychological) and deviations – its effects on later behaviour.

*The attempt should be made to make a student receptive to various terms in teachings of Materia Medica and Homoeopathic Philosophy.

II. B.H.M.S.

IN THREE SECTIONS

SECTIONS 1

Hahnemann's Organon of Medicine Aphorism: 1 to 145

The purpose of Homoeopathic case taking is not merely collection of symptoms but comprehending the PERSON IN WIDER DIMENSIONS with the correct appreciation of the factors responsible for the genesis and maintenance of illness i.e. Fundamental Cause, PREDISPOSING CAUSE, MAINTAINING CAUSE & ONE SIDED DISEASES.

There should be compulsory case taking term for each student wherein he learns to 'build up PORTRAIT of the disease by undertaking:-

1. Evolutionary study of the patient comprising of well defined characteristics.
2. Studying individual in His life-span and in relation to his family environment and work.
3. Processing of the interview and the entire case so as to grasp the principles of MANAGEMENT of these patients.

He should be taught to classify various symptoms which he has elicited in his case taking. He puts down his evaluation of those characteristics. His capacity for analysis and synthesis should evolve. In appendix, Analytical paper for symptom classification and Evaluation is attached. If practiced properly, has potential to improve analytical faculty of the student.

Physician, Teaching Staff, R.M.O. and House Staff shall spend enough time with the students and interns and scrutiny of their written cases, discussing mode of interview and processing of the case.

There should be standardization in imparting training in ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION. Each Institute shall keep the standard guide – lines of Case – taking.

GUIDELINES ANALYSIS –EVALUATION OF OBJECTIVES OF ANALYSIS EVALUATION OF SYMPTOMS.

1. (To individualize the case so as to prepare an effective totality which allows us to arrive at the Similimum, prognosis the case, and advise management and impose necessary restrictions on mode of life and diet.
2. To infer about state susceptibility by appreciating the quality of characteristics state of susceptibility and diagnosis about miasmatic state would allow physician to formulate comprehensive plan of treatment.
3. Order of evaluation of the characteristics, of the case would become stepping stone for the reportorial totality.

(iii) CLASSIFICATION OF SYMPTOMS: Their scopes and limitations in arriving as a totality.

Symptom should not be considered superficially at its face value. It should be analyzed and evaluated by taking into account following factors

1. Through grasp over the underlying dynamics. (Psychological, Physiological, Pathological aspects).
2. This would demand through comprehension over the evolution of DISEASE, taking into account FUNDAMENTAL, EXCITING & MAINTAINING CAUSES..
3. Knowledge of socio-cultural background is quite imperative for correct analysis and evaluation. Details regarding SYMPTOMATOLOGY can be comprehended by referring to the classical books in philosophy.

The Department of Organon & Philosophy while training in Case Taking shall co-ordinate with various other departments where student is sent for the pre-clinical and clinical training. This would ensure not only streamlining of the clinical Centres but also cultivate Homoeopathic perspective when student is attending other special clinics.

EVALUATION-EXAMINATION

1. Student's performance shall be evaluated periodically. There shall be periodical card tests and internal (theory and practical) examinations in each-academic year. The concerned teaching staff shall file his general report on the conduct of internal examinations and also on student's performance, which shall be discussed in departmental and interdepartmental meetings.
2. Each student appearing for II and III BHMS shall maintain one journal comprising of 20 cases (10 short and 10 long cases) with complete processing of the case material for each examination, which shall be evaluated by the head of the department.
3. There shall be provisions for the internal assessment of all these examinations and journal work in the Final II and III BHMS examinations respectively.

III. BHMS

When student enters third year, he has already grasped basic Sciences of Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology and has been introduced to Clinical Medicine, Surgery, Gynaecology and Obstetrics.

Organon including Philosophy is the subject which builds up the conceptual base for the physician. It illustrates those principles which when applied in practice enable physician to obtain results which he can explain rationally and repeats them in practice with greater competence. Focus of the Education & Training should be to build up this conceptual base. This can be delivered effectively if there is proper integration of various disciplines, various knowledge throughout the subject of ORGANON-PHILOSOPHY.

(I) HAHNEMANN'S THEORY OF CHRONIC DISEASE

Proper emphasis should be made on the way in which each miasmatic phase evolves and the characteristic expressions which are thrown off at various level. This will bring out characteristic PATTERN of each miasm. Definite attempt should be made to understand theory of CHRONIC MIASM in the light of our knowledge of basic sciences of ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE. This would demand CO-RELATION OF HOMOEOPATHIC PHILOSOPHY with allied sciences.

Teacher should bring out clearly therapeutic implications of THEORY OF CHRONIC MIASM in practice. This will demand comprehension of EVOLUTION OF NATURAL DISEASE from miasmatic angle. This will require to be correlated with applied Materia Medica. Here you demonstrate how various drugs would come up in Psoric, Sycotic and syphilitic state of the clinical diseases.

Thus ORGANON & PHILOSOPHY will bring out effectively integration of Anatomy, Physiology Psychology, Pathology, Clinical Medicine, Materia Medica and Therapeutics. This would demand greater interdepartmental co-ordination.

II. HAHNEMANN'S ORGANON OF MEDICINE VTH & VITH EDITIONS

(including Aphorism 1 to 294).

1. Kent's lectures, Robert and Stuart close works in Philosophy.
2. POSOLOGY.
3. DIET, ANCILLARY MODE OF TREATMENT.
4. INTRODUCTION OF REPERTORY.

Student should maintain journal of 20 cases wherein thoroughly worked out cases from their clinic attendance would be there.

Cases should demonstrate student's work on: CASE TAKING - CASE ANALYSIS-EVALUATION-DISEASE, DIAGNOSIS-MIASM-POSOLOGY-REMEDY SELECTION.

IV. BHMS

Here the focus is on applied aspect of Organon & Philosophy. Maximum emphasis shall be given on practice oriented teaching of Organon and Philosophy.

This can be effectively achieved by studying the various cases taken by students in OPD & IPD.

Case analysis, evaluation and synthesis takes into account the application of entire ORGANON from Aphorism 1 to 294 and all principles of Philosophy as illustrated in I, II, III BHMS.

More emphasis to be given on case taking, case analysis, evolution, posology miasmatic diagnosis, potency selection and repetition of doses, second prescription, diet, regimen and other pressures with principle of management during OPD and IPD visits, so that the students can have the practical knowledge of the treatment and management of the patient.

The following topics shall be taught during IV BHMS in depth:-

1. History of Medicine.
2. History of Homoeopathy, its spread to different countries.
3. Life and living environment.
4. Concepts of health and factors modifying it.
5. Concept of susceptibility and vital reaction.
6. Concept of disease and totality of symptoms.
7. Concepts of Drug, Medicine and remedy.
8. Concept of Cure and Disease and Drug relationship.
9. Scope and limitations of different modes of employing medicines in disease Antipathy, Allopathy and Homoeopathy.
10. Various methods of classification and evaluations of symptoms common and characteristic General and particular.
11. Concepts of incurable disease, suppression and palliation.
12. Prophylactics.
13. Scope and limitations of Homoeopathy.
14. Remedy response, prognosis after administration of a remedy.
15. Principles and criteria for repetition and selection of potency.
    Paper I – Topics from 1-15
    Paper II- Topics from Kent's lectures, Stuart close and Roberts Philosophy, Case taking at beside.

APPENDIX

Purpose of the Homoeopathic Case taking is not merely collecting the symptoms but comprehending the person in wider dimensions, with correct appreciation of the causes for the illness.

The adequacy in Case Taking and Physical examination should be judged from the following angle:-

1. To carry out successful individualization of the case and to conclude about state of the susceptibility.
2. Finding out a simillimum with correct potency and doses.
3. Prescribing proper diet to the patient.
4. Advising the management of the case.
5. The pathology and homoeopathic prognosis.

Anatomy and Physiology

Study of normal man in pre-clinical period.

Human economy is the most difficult of all sciences to study. Man is conscious mentalised, living being and functions as a whole. Human knowledge has become so vast that for precise comprehension of man as a whole development of different branches of science like anatomy physiology and psychology was necessary. But such a division is only an expedient; man nevertheless remains indivisible.

Consciousness, life and its phenomena cannot be explained in terms of cell physiology or of quantum mechanics nor by physiological concepts which in their turn are based on chemico-physical concepts.

Though anatomy and physiology are hitherto being taught as entirely different subjects, a water-tight barrier should not be erected between them; structure (anatomy) and function (physiology) are but correlated aspects and the physio-chemical processes are but an external expression of an inexplicable phenomenon which is life.

So anatomy and physiology shall be taught with the following aims:-

(1)	To provide for the understanding of the morphological, physiological and psychological principles which determine and influence the organism of the living body as a functioning unit;
(2)	to co-relate and interpret the structural organism and normal physiology of the human body and thus to provide the data on which to anticipate disturbance of functions;
(3)	to enable the student to recognize the anatomical and physiological basis of the clinical signs and symptoms of disorders due to injury, disease and mal development;
(4)	similarly, to give the student to understand the factors involved in the development of pathological processes and the possible complications which may arise there from;
(5)	to give the student such knowledge on pre clinical subjects as will enable him ultimately to employ competently and rationally all the ordinary methods of examination and treatment (including surgery) that may involve such knowledge; and
(6)	for enabling the student to pick out strange, rare and uncommon symptoms from pathognomonic symptoms for individualization of patients and drugs for the purpose of applying the law of similar in Homoeopathic practice.

Anatomy

Instructions in anatomy shall be so planned as to present a general working knowledge of the structure of the human body. The amount of detail which he is required to memorize should be reduced to the minimum. Major emphasis should be laid on functional anatomy of the living subject rather than on the static structures of the cadaver, and on general anatomical positions and broad relations of the viscera, muscles, blood-vessels, nerves and lymphatic. Study of the cadaver is only a mean to this end. Students should not be burdened with minute anatomical details which have no clinical significance.

Though dissection of the entire body is essential for the preparation of the student for his clinical studies, the burden of dissection can be reduced and such saving of time can be effected, it considerable reduction of the amount of topographical details is made and the following points:-

1. Only such details as have professional of general educational value for the medical student should be presented to him.
2. The purpose of dissection is not to create technically expert prosecutors but to give the student an understanding of the body in relation to its function, and the dissection should be designed to achieve this end, for example, ignoring of small and clinically unimportant blood vessels results in such clearer dissection and a much clearer picture of the main structures and their natural relationships.
3. Much that is at present taught by dissection could be demonstrated as usefully through prepared dissected specimens.
4. Normal radiological anatomy may also form part of practical training. The structure of the body should be presented linking functional aspect.
5. Actual dissection should be preceded by a course of lectures on the general structure of the organ or the system under discussion and then its function. In this way anatomical and physiological knowledge can be presented to students in an integrated form and the instruction of the whole course of anatomy and physiology made more interesting, lively and practical.
6. A good part of the theoretical lectures on anatomy can be transferred to tutorial classes with demonstrations.

A few lectures or demonstrations on the clinical and applied anatomy should be arranged in the later part of the course. They should preferably be given by a clinician and should aim at demonstrating the anatomical basis of physical signs and the value of anatomical knowledge to the clinician.

Seminars and group discussions to be arranged periodically with a view or presenting different subjects in an integrated manner.

Formal class room lectures to be reduced but demonstrations and tutorials to be increased. There should be joint teaching-cum demonstration sessions with clinical materials illustrating applied aspect of Anatomy in relation to clinical subjects. This should be arranged once a fortnight and even form part of series of introductory lectures if be needed.

There should be joint seminars with the departments of Physiology and Bio-chemistry and should be organized once a month. There shall be a close correlation in the teaching of gross Anatomy, Histology, Embryology and Genetics. The teaching of areas and systems in Anatomy, Physiology including Bio-chemistry shall be integrated as far as possible.

THEORETICAL

A complete course of human anatomy with general working knowledge of different anatomical parts of the body. Emphasis should be laid down on the general anatomical positions and broad relations of the viscera, muscles, blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic, Candidates should not be burdened with minute anatomical details of every description which has no clinical significance.

Candidates will be required to recognize anatomical specimen and to identify and answer questions on structures displayed in recent dissections, to be familiar with the bones and their articulations including the vertebrae, the skull and with the manner of classification of the long bones.

Emphasis will not be laid on minute details except in so far as is necessary to the understanding or in their application to medicine and surgery. Candidates are expected to know the attachments of muscles sufficiently to understand their action, but not be precise-details of the origin and insertion of every muscle. A knowledge of the minor details of the bones of the hand, foot, their articulations and details of the small bones of the skull will not be required.

The curriculum of Anatomy should be divided under the following headings:-

I	Gross Anatomy-to be dealt under the following categories:- (a) Introductory lectures with demonstrations. (b) Systematic series. The study to be covered by deductive lectures, lecture, demonstrations, surface and radiological anatomy, by dissection of the cadaver and study of dissected specimen. Knowledge thus obtained together with co-relation of facts should be integrated into living anatomy. Details of topographical relation should be stressed for these parts which are of importance in general practice. (i) Superior extremity, inferior extremity, head, neck, thorax, abdomen and pelvis to be studied regionally and system by system (special reference to be made to development and its anomalies, regional, innervations, functional groups of muscles in relation to joints of otherwise and Applied Anatomy). (ii) Endocrine organs with special reference to development and applied anatomy.
II	Development anatomy –General principles of development and growth and the effect of hereditary and environment factors to be given by lectures, charts, models and slides
III	Neuro-anatomy, Gross anatomy of brain and spinal cord and the main nerve tracts. The peripheral nerves. Cranial nerves their relations course and distributions. Autonomic nervous system-Development and anomalies, applied Anatomy. The study to be covered by lectures, lecture-demonstrations of brain and cord, and clinical co-relation.
N.B:- The practical study should proceed the study physiology nervous system, Early co-relation with the clinical course desirable.
IV	Micro anatomy (Histology) – Modern concepts of cell, epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue and systemic structure.
	Introductory Lectures:- (A) (a) Modern conception of cell-components and their functions, why a cell divides, cell division, types with their signification. (b) Genetic individuality:- Elementary genetics definition, health and diseases, result of interaction between organism and its environments, utility of knowledge from homoeopathic point of view. Mandel's laws and their significances. Applied genetics. (B) Embryology. (C) General anatomy & Micro-anatomy. (D) Regional anatomy-Regional Anatomy shall be taught with emphasis on developmental anatomy, broad relationship, surface marking, Radiological anatomy, and applied anatomy (a) Extremities:- Skeleton, position and functions of joints. Muscle groups, lumber plexus, Arterial supply, venous drainage, neuro vascular bundles, lymphatic and lymph nodes, relation of nerves to bones. Joints with special emphasis on lumbo-sacral, hip, knee and ankle joints, muscles producing movement, results of nerve injury. Radiology of bones and joints. Classification, determination of age. Applied anatomy. Surface marking of main arteries, nerves. (b) Thorax:- Skeleton of joints, of muscles, of chest wall-diaphragm, innervation of abdominal and thoracic respiration, different with age. The mammary gland, lymphatic drainage. The pleura & lungs. Arrangements structures in the mediastinum, heart, coronary artery great vessels, trachea, oesophagus, lymph nodes, thymus. Radiology of heart, aorta, lungs, bronchogram. Surface marking-pleura, lungs, heart-valves of heart, border, arch of aorta, superior venacava, bifurcation of trachea. (c) Abdomen and pelvis:- The abdominal wall-skin and muscles, innervation of fascia, peritoneum, blood vessels, lymphatics, autonomic ganglia and plexuses. Stomach, small intestine, caecum, appendix, large intestine. Duodenum, pancreas, kidneys, uterus, supra-renals. Liver and gall bladder. Pelvis, skeleton and joints, muscles of the pelvis, organs internal and external genitalia in male and in the female, lumbosacral plexus, vessels, lymphatics, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. Blood vessels and nerve plexuses of abdomen and pelvis, the portal venous system. Applied anatomy of referred pain, portal systemic anastomosis, catheterization of the urinary bladder in the male and female. Surface marking of organs and blood vessels. (d) Head and neck:- Scalp-Innervation, vascular supply middle meningeal artery. Face-main muscles groups, muscles of facial expression muscles of mastication, innervation of skin and repair muscles, vascular supply, principles of repair scalp and face wrinkles. The eyelids, eyeball, lackrymal apparatus, the muscles that move the eyeball. The nasal cavity and nasopharynx, septum, conchae, paranasalsinus, Eustachian tube, lymphoid masses. Oral cavity and pharynx. Larynx and laryngeal part of Pharynx structure (No details) functions, nerve supply, larynage-scopic appearances. Cervical vertebrae, joints of head and neck. Structures of neck, sternomastoid, brachial plexus, main arteries and veins, disposition of lymph nodes, areas of drainage, phrenic nerve, thyroid gland and its blood supply, para-thyroid, the trachea, oesophagus. The position of the Sub-mandibular and sublingual salivary glands. Teeth and dentition. The external, middle and internal ear. Applied anatomy. Surface marking: Parotid gland, middle meningeal artery, thyroid gland, common internal and external carotid arteries. (e) Neuro anatomy:- Meanings-functions of Cerebrum-areas of localization, vascular supply basal ganglion, internal capsule. Cerebellum-functions. Pens, medullar midbrain, cranial nerves, palsies. Cerebro-spinal fluid formation, circulation function, absorption. Cranial nerves, origin, courses (with minimum anatomical details) areas of distribution; The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system location, distribution, function. Applied anatomy of lumbar puncture, referred pain, spinal anesthesia, increased intra cranial pressure. (B) Histological study systemic PRACTICAL Demonstration of dissected parts/Dissection of the whole human body. Identification of histological specimen of tissues and organs viz, liver, kidney, lungs, thyroid, pancreas, spleen, trachea, oesophagus, stomach, tongue, intestine, large intestine, testes, every bone, adipose tissue, spinal cord, suprarenal gland, parotid gland, anterior pituitary salivary glands, skin, parathyroid gland, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, cardiac muscle. The written paper in Anatomy shall be distributed as follows:- Paper I - Upper extremity, head, face, Neck, brain and Embryology Paper II - Thorax, abdomen, pelvis, lower extremity and Histology.

PHYSIOLOGY INCLUDING BIOCHEMISTRY

The purpose of a course in physiology is to teach the functions, processes and inter-relationship of the different organs and systems of the normal disturbance in disease and to equip the student with normal standards of reference for use while diagnosing and treating deviations from the normal. To a Homoeopath the human organism is an integrated whole of body life and mind; and though life includes all the chemico-physical processes it transcends them. There can be no symptoms of disease without vital force animating the human organism and it is primarily the vital force which is deranged in disease. Physiology shall be taught from the stand point of description physical processes underlying them in health.

There should be close co-operation between the various departments while teaching the different systems. There should be joint courses between the two departents of anatomy and physiology so that there is maximum co-ordination in the teaching of these subjects..

Seminars should be arranged periodically and lecturers of anatomy, physiology and bio-chemistry should bring home the point to the students that the integrated approach is more meaningful..

THEORETICAL

Introductions

Fundamental phenomena of life. The cell and its differentiation. Tissues and organs of the body.

Bio-chemical Principles

Elementary constituents of protoplasm, Chemistry of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, Enzymes.

Bio-physical Principles

Units of concentration of ablutions, ions, electrolytes and non-electrolytes filtration, diffusion, ultrafiltration, dialysis, surface tension, absorption, hydrotrophy, domain equilibrium colloid, acid-base concentration.

Environmental Physiology

1. Skin-structure and functions.
2. Regulations of body temperature hypothermia.

Skelato-Muscular System

1. General introduction and classification of muscle fibers.
2. Excitation-construction coupling and molecular basis of construction.
3. Properties of skeletal muscles and factors affecting development of tension.
4. Energy metabolism of muscles.

Nerve

1. Structure and function of nerve cell.
2. Bioelectric phenomena in the nerve and muscle. R.M.P., Action and its propagation, neuromuscular transmission.
3. Classification and properties of nerve fibers.
4. Wellerian degeneration, regeneration and reaction of degeneration.

Blood

1. Composition and functions in general.
2. Physiology of plasma proteins, normal values, E.S.R. & other blood indices.
3. Physiology of R.B.C., W.B.C. and platelets formation, fate and physiological and functions of formed elements of blood.
4. Body fluid compartments, their measurements, blood volume and its regulation.
5. A.B.O. and RH Blood group systems.
6. Lymphatics and R.E. system.
7. Coagulation & haemostasis.

Cardio Vascular System: (C.V.S.)

1. Structure and properties of cardiac muscle.
2. Generation and conduction of cardiac impulse, E.C.G. (Normal).
3. Cardiac cycle with reference to pressure, volume changes, heart sounds etc.
4. Heart rate and its regulations.
5. Haemodynamics, B.P. and its regulation.
6. Nervous and chemical control of blood vessel.
7. Physiological basis of shock.

Respiratory System

1. Introduction, general organization.
2. Mechanics of respiration, compliance.
3. Pulmonary volumes and capacities.
4. Pulmonary and alveolar ventilation
5. Physical principles of gaseous exchange a transport of respiratory gases.
6. Nervous and chemical control of respiration.
7. Hypoxia, acclimatization, cyanosis, dyspnoea, asphyxia, abnormal respiration.
8. Pulmonary function tests.
9. Effect of high and low atmospheric pressure effect of respiration on circulation, artificial respiration.

Digestive System

1. General introduction, Organisation plan and evolutionary significance.
2. Composition, function and regulation of salivary, gastric pancreatic intestinal and biliary's secretions.
3. Movements of G.I. tract.
4. Absorption of G.I. tract.
5. Physiology of Liver and Gall bladder structure and functions.

Excretory System

1. General introduction, structure and functions of kidney.
2. Mechanism of formation of urine.
3. Mechanism of concentration and dilution of urine.
4. Physiology of micturation.

Endocrine

1. Physiology of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla.
2. Regulation of secretion of endocrine glands.

Reproduction

1. Introduction in general and types of reproduction.
2. Physiology of testes and ovaries.
3. Physiology of menstruation, pregnancy and lactation.
4. Placenta and its function, foetal circulation and respiration.

Central Nervous System

1. General Organisation, structure and function of nerve cell and neuralgia.
2. Cerebrospinal fluid.
3. Physiology of synapse and receptor organs.
4. Physiology of reflex action-classification properties etc. of reflexes.
5. Sensory and motor tracts and effects of sections transaction & hemisection of the spinal cord.
6. Spinal, decereberate and decorticate preparations and Regulations of posture and equilibrium.
7. Reticular formation.
8. Cerebellum and basal ganglia.
9. Sensory and motor cortex.
10. Physiology of voluntary movements.
11. Higher functions of cortex: sleep and wakefulness, EEG, memory, speech, learning.
12. Physiology of thalamus and hypothalamus and limbic system.
13. Physiology of autonomic nervous system, peripheral and central mechanism.

Special Senses

1. Physiology of taste and smell sensation.
2. Ear-General anatomy, conduction of sound waves through external, middle and internal ear.
3. Peripheral and central mechanism of hearing and auditory pathways.
4. General anatomy refractory media and protective mechanisms in Eye.
5. Formation, circulation and functions of aquous humor.
6. Physiology of optics, Formation of image, accommodation errors of refraction, acuity of vision.
7. Physiology of retina photographer functions, dark and light adoption, photochemistry of vision, colour vision.
8. Visual pathway and effects of various levels.

Nutrition

1. Balanced diet and special dietary requirements during pregnancy, lactation and grown.

BIOCHEMISTRY

• Biochemical principles and elementary constituents of protoplasm
• Chemistry of proteins
• Chemistry of carbohydrates
• Chemistry of lipids
• Enzymes and vitamins
• Metabolism of proteins, fats carbohydrates, minerals, Biophysical process and their principles in relation to human body

LIST OF PRACTICALS IN PHYSIOLOGY

1. Method of Collection of Blood.
2. Haemoglobinometry.
3. The Microscope-Construction; Use & Care.
4. Total White Blood Cell Count.
5. Differential WBC count.
6. Packed Cell Volume.
7. Packed Cell Volume.
8. Calculation of Blood Indices.
9. E.S.R.
10. Bleeding Time.
11. Clotting Time.
12. Blood Groups.
13. History taking and General Examination.
14. Examination of Alimentary System.
15. Examination of the cardiovascular system.
16. Pulse.
17. Determination of Arterial Blood Pressure in Humans and effect of posture, exercise and Cold stress.
18. Clinical Examination of the Respiratory system, E.C.G.
19. Stethography.
20. Spirometry.
21. Examination of Higher Functions.
22. Cranial Nerves.
23. Motor Functions.
24. Reflexes.
25. Sensory system.
26. Recording of Body Temperature.

LIST OF DEMONSTRATION

1. Varieties of Stimuli: Faradic or induced and Galuanic or Constant Current Apparatus Used in the Laboratory.
2. Excitability of Muscle.
3. Effect of Graded Stimuli.
4. Simple Muscle Twitch, Effect of temperature on the muscle.
5. Effect of two successive stimuli on the Skeletal Muscle of Frog.
6. Genesis of Tetanus.
7. Fatigue.
8. Effects of Fee and after Loading on Frog's Gastrocnemius Muscle.
9. Heart Block.
10. Properties of Cardiac Muscle.
11. Perfusion of Mammalian Heart and effect of various ions on it.
12. Effect of stimulation of Vagosympathetic Trunk and Crescent on Frog's Heart.
13. Effect of Acetylcholine on Heart.
14. Effect of Adrenaline on Frog's Heart.
15. Action of Nicotine on Frog's Heart.
16. Photokinetic stimulation, Ophthalmoscopy and Tonometry.
17. Recording Mammalian blood pressure and respiration and study of factors influencing them.
18. Specific Gravity of Blood.
19. Gastric Analysis.

PRACTICAL IN BIOCHEMISTRY

1. Introduction to Biochemistry and familiarization with laboratory Instruments.
2. Study of Disaccbarides- Lactose, Maltose & Sucrose.
3. Study of Polysaccharides – Starch, Dextrin & Glycogen.
4. Introduction of Proteins.
5. Normal Urine report (Inorganic and Organic Constituents).
6. Unknown solutions – Study.
7. Quantitative & Estimation of Glucose in Urine.

Paper-I

Elements of Biophysics, Biochemistry, Blood and lymph, Cardiovascular system, Reticuloendothelial system, spleen, Respiratory system Excretory System, Skin, regulation of body temperature, sense organs.

Paper-II

Endocrine organs, nervous system, nerve muscles physiology, Digestive system and metabolism, Biochemistry of protein, carbohydrate and lipoid, enzymes, Nutrition.

Practical Examination

1. Examination of Physical and chemical constituents of normal and abnormal urine (qualitative).
2. Enumeration of total cell count of Blood (R.B.C. or W.B.C.) or differential count of peripheral blood or estimation of percentage of HB.
3. Viva-voce on instruments and apparatus.
4. Biochemistry examination of proteins/carbohydrate/lipoid.
5. Experimental physiology.
6. Laboratory Note-Book.
7. Viva-voce on experiments

Homoeopathic Pharmacy

Theory

Instruction in Homoeopathic Pharmacy should be so planned as to present general working knowledge of an industry and dispensing various preparation. Major emphasis should be laid on evolution and relationship of Homoeopathic Pharmacy to Organon and Materia Medica, the concept of drug Proving and Dynamisation.
The curriculum of Homoeopathic Pharmacy should be divided under following headings :-

Part I:- Orientation to subject – elementary history of Botany, Zoology and Chemistry with rules of their nomenclature and their respective terminologies.

1. (A)  Explanation of terms like common names, synonyms, Hyponyms, typonyms, invalid names.
   (B)  Advantages and disadvantages of Commercial names and botanical names.
   (C)  Anomalies in the nomenclature of Homoeopathic Drugs.
2. Schools of Medicine: their discovery, principles pharmacology and Materia Medica, scope and limitations.
3. History of the art and science of Pharmaceutics.
4. Literature on Homoeopathic Pharmaceutics.
5. Sources of Homoeopathic Pharmacy.
6. Homoeopathic Pharmacy: its speciality and originality.
7. Importance of the knowledge of Pharmacy.
8. Sources of knowledge about curative powers of the technique of Drug proving in Homoeopathy.
9. Aspects of Pharmacy.
10. Relation of Pharmaceutics with other sciences.
11. Inter-relationship of different schools of Pharmacy with emphasis on relationship of Allopathic and Homoeopathic Pharmacy.
12. Properties of Drugs.
13. (a) Routes of Administration of drugs in general.
    (b) Routes of Administration of Homoeopathic remedies.
    
    a. Action of Drugs.
    b. Uses of Drugs.

Part-II

Explanation and definitions of:-

1. Foods, Poisons, cosmetics.
2. Drug substance, Drug, Medicine, Remedy.
3. Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Pharmacopoeia, Pharmacodynamics and other related terms used in relation to the subject. Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia,

Homoeopathic Pharmacy in relation to:-

1. Organon of Medicine Aphorism 264 to 285.
2. Materia Medica.
3. National Economy.

Pharmacy and Pharmacopoeia: esits Sourc and relation with other sciences. Classification of Homoeopathic Medicines according to their.

1. Botanical and
2. Zoological natural orders.

English name of each medicine.

Common names in Indian Languages like Assamese, Bengali, Hindi, Gujarati, Kannad, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telgu, Urdu, Oriya etc. with emphasis on the students learning the common names of their region.

Posology

Homoeopathic Posology: Its logic, advantages and dis-advantages. Potentisation: Its logic, scientificity and evolution and scales.

Vehicles

Scales for preparation of drugs Pharmacological Action of Polychrest medicines (50 medicine list attached) Abbreviations used in prescription writing. Legal part: legislation in respect of Homoeopathic Pharmacy, Drug and Cosmetic Act, Poison Act, Pharmacy Act.

PRACTICAL

1. Identification, and uses of Homoeopathic Pharmaceutical instruments and appliances and their cleaning.
2. Identification of important Homoeopathic Drugs (vide list attached)
   
   (i) Macroscopic study of 30 drugs substances and listed in Appendix I,
   (ii) Collection of 30 drugs substances for herbarium.
   (iii) Microscopic study of two triturations up to 3x potency.
   
3. Estimation of moisture content of one drug substance with water bath.
4. Purity test of ethyl alcohol, distilled water, sugar of milk, including determination of specific gravity of distilled water and alcohol.
5. Estimation of size of globule, its medication of milk sugar and distilled water making of doses.
6. Preparation and dispensing and dilute alcohol solutions and dilutions.
7. Preparations of mother tinctures of 3 polycrests.
8. Preparations of trituration of 3 crude drugs upto 3X.
9. Preparation of mother tinctures and solutions other than 10 percent Drug strength.
10. Potentisation of 3 mother tinctures upto 6 decimal scale and 3 centesimal scale.
11. Trituration of 3 drugs upto 6x and their conversion into liquid potencies.
12. Preparation of external applications – one of each.
13. Writing of prescriptions and dispensing of the same.
14. Laboratory methods:-
    
    (a) Sublimation
    (b) Distillation
    (c) Decantation
    (d) Filtration
    (e) Crystallization
    (f) Percolation
15. Visit to a Homoeopathic Laboratory to study the manufacturing of drugs on a large scale.

APPENDIX:

PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION

List of Drugs included the Syllabus of Pharmacy for study of Pharmacological action (30)

LIST OF DRUGS FOR IDENTIFICATION

1. VEGETABLE KINGDOM

II. CHEMICALS

II. ANIMAL KINGDOM

HOMOEOPATHIC MATERIA MEDICA

1. Homoeopathic Materia Medica is differently constructed as compared to other Materia Medica. Homoeopathy considered that study of the action of drugs on individual parts or systems of the body or on animal or their isolated organs is only a partial study of life processes under such action and that it does not lead us to a full appreciation of the action of the medicinal agent; the drug agent as a whole is lost sight of.

2. Essential and complete knowledge of the drug action as a whole can be supplied only by qualitative synoptic drug experiments on healthy persons and this alone can make it possible to view all the scattered data in relation to the psychosomatic whole of a person and it is just such a person as a whole to whom the knowledge of drug action is to be applied.

3. The Homoeopathic Materia Medica consists of a schematic arrangement of symptoms produced by each drug, incorporating no theories for explanations about their interpretation or inter-relationship. Each drug should be studied synthetically, analytically and comparatively, and this alone would enable a Homoeopathic student to study each drug individually and as a whole and help him to be a good prescriber.

4. Polychrests and the most commonly indicated drugs for every day ailments should be taken up first so that in the clinical classes or outdoor duties the students become familiar with their applications. They should be thoroughly dealt with explaining all comparisons and relationship. Students should be conversant with their sphere or action and family relationship.
The less common and rare drugs should be taught in outline, emphasizing only their most salient features and symptoms. Rare drugs should be dealt with later.

5. Tutorials must be introduced so that students in small numbers can be in close touch with teachers and can be helped to study and understand Materia Medica in relation to its application in the treatment of the sick.

6. While teaching therapeutics an attempt should be made to recall the Materia Medica so that indications for drugs in a clinical condition can directly flow out from the proving of the drugs concerned. The student should be encouraged to apply the resources of the vast Materia Medica in any sickness and not limit himself to memorize a few drugs for a particular disease. This Hahnemannian approach will not only help him in understanding the proper perspective of symptoms as applied and their curative value in sickness but will even lighten his burden as far as formal examination are concerned. Otherwise the present trend produces the allopathic approach to treatment of diseases and it contradictory to the teaching of Organon.
Application of Materia Medica should be demonstrated from cases in the outdoor and hospital wards.

Lectures on comparative Materia Medica and therapeutics as well as tutorials should be as far as possible be integrated with lectures on clinical medicine in the various departments.

7. For the teaching of drugs the college should keep herbarium sheets and other specimens for demonstrations to the students. Lectures should be made interesting and slides of plants and materials may be projected.

8. A. Introductory lectures: Teaching of the Homoeopathic Materia Medica should include:-

1. Nature and scope of Homoeopathic Materia Medica.
2. Sources of Homoeopathic Materia Medica.
3. Different ways of studying the Materia Medica.

B. The drugs are to be taught under the following heads:-

1. Common name, natural, order, habitat, part used, preparation.
2. Sources of drug proving.
3. Symptomatology of the drug emphasizing the characteristic symptoms and modalities.
4. Comparative study of drugs.
5. Complimentary, inimical, antidotal and concomitant remedies.
6. Therapeutic applications (applied Materia Medica).

C. A study of 12 issue remedies according to Schusler's biochemic system of medicine

APPENDIX-I

APPENDIX-II

Syllabus of Materia Medica for the II B.H.M.S. Examination.
In addition to the list of drugs for the first B.H.M.S. Examination (Appendix I), the following additional drugs are included in the Syllabus of Materia Medica for the II B.H.M.S. Examination.

APPENDIX III

In addition to the drugs mentioned in Appendix I&II, the following additional drugs are included in the syllabus of Materia Medica for the 3rd BHMS Examinations:-

APPENDIX IV

List of drugs included in the Syllabus of IV B.H.M.S. examination:-

II. B.H.M.S.

GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY (INCLUDING PARASITOLOGY, BACTERIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY)

Study of pathology must be in relation with concept of Miasm as evolved by Dr. Hahnemann and further developed by Kent, Boger, Robert and Allen.

Concept of Miasm in view of Pathology, Reference to Koch's Postulate.
Importance of susceptibility and immunity thereby homoeopathic concept of Disease and Cure.

-	Characteristic expression of each miasm.
-	Classification of symptoms/disease according to Pathology.
-	Correlation of Miasm and Pathology for e.g. Psora –inflammation etc.
-	Natural evolution in Pathology.
-	Resolution – Inflammatory exudative.
-	Degeneration, Suppurative
-	Interpretation of Pathological report of all diseases and correlate the utility of it in Homoeopathic system of Medicine.

Similarly all the topics in General Pathology and Systemic Pathology must be co-related, at each juncture, so that the importance of Pathology is understood by a Under-Graduate student in Homoeopathy.

Topics of General Pathology in Relation with Miasms

-	Inflammation Repair Healing Injury
-	Immunity
-	Degeneration.
-	Neoplasm
-	Thrombosis
-	Embolism
-	Oedema
-	Disturbances of Pigment Metabolism -  Calcium Metabolism -  Uric Acid Metabolism -  Amino Acid Metabolism -  Carbohydrate Metabolism -  Fat Metabolism -  Healing
-	Hypertrophy
-	Hyperplasia
-	Anaplasia
-	Metaplasia
-	Ischaemia
-	Haemorrhage
-	Shock
-	Atrophy
-	Relaxation
-	Hyperemia
-	Infection
-	Pyrexia
-	Necrosis
-	Gangrene
-	Infarction

SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY

In each system the important and common disease should be done. By keeping in view its evolution, mode of presentation, progress and outcome of the disease. For e.g.

In Alimentary System

Practical

Clinical and Chemical Pathology:-

Estimation of haemoglobin (by acidometer) Count of R.B.Cs. and W.B.Cs. staining of thin and thick films, differential counts and parasites.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, urine, physical, chemical microscopical, quantity of albumin and sugar, faces-physical chemical (occult blood) and microscopical for ova and protozoa.

Methods of sterilization, preparation of a media, use of microscope. Gram and acid fast stains. Motality preparation. Gram positive and negative cocci and bacilli. Special stains for corynebacterium-gram and acid fast stains of pus and sputum.

Haconkeys plate-sugar reactions-gram stain and motility of gram negative intestine bacteria, Widal and demonstration of Pasteur and of spirochetes by dark field illumination Fountain's strain-Lovaditt's stain. Demonstration of Methods of nacrobiosis.

Histopathology

Common teaching side from each systems. Demonstration of gross Pathological specimen. Practical demonstration of Histopathlogical techniques i.e. Fixation, Embedding.

• Sectioning staining by common dyes and strain.
• Frozen section. Its importance.
• Electron Microscopy
• Phase contrast microscopy.

1.   BACTERIOLOGY:

Morphology, biology, sterilization, chemotherapy, principles of artificial media, infection, defence reaction, immunity, hypersensitiveness, skin tests, systematic study of bacteria habits, importance morphological, cultural biochemical, serological and toxic behaviour of the common pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. Pathologic changes produced by diseases bacteria and their laboratory diagnosis. Staphylococci, streptococci, displococci, Neisseria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Types) mycobacterium leprae, names and differentiation of spirochetes from pathogenic mycobacterium corynobacterium diphtheria. Aerobic spore bearing bacteria-bacillus anthreis, anaerobes, general and special features of the pathogens. Names of some important non-pathogens. Gram negative, intestinal bacteria classification, identification of the pathogen salmonella, vibric, bacterium, pasteruella, general idea about haemophiles, pseudomonas, brucella, ricktsia, proteus, spirochaetes-general idea details of treponema palladium and leptospiraictero haemorrhagica.

Viruses-general characters, classification of disease, e.g. varecella, Rabies, bacteriophage. Koch's postulates

2.  PARASITOLOGY:

Protozoa-classification names of important rhizopoda, ent. Histolytica, pathogenesis and pathogenecity, diagnosis, difference from ent. Coli, sporozen species of plasmodia life history and pathogenesis differentiation of species.

Mastigophora-general broad morphological features classification, pathogenesis, vectors, pathology of Kala-Azar, important features source disease due to balantidium coli.

Helimnths-definition of certain terms, simple classification, differences between nematodes cestodoes and treamatodes Broad differentiating morphological features and broad life history and pathogenesis of important species, Cestodes and Nematodes-infecting liver, lungs, intestines and blood-general differences between schislosomes and other trematodes.

3.  VIROLOGY:

• Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
• Host Parasite Relationship
• Disinfectants Mode of action
• Practical aspects of Immunology i.e. Application in diagnosis, Passive Immunization, Immunopathies in brief including AIDS.
• Bacteria Genetics (briefly)

4.  KIDNEY BLADDER URETER URETHRA

• Glemerulo Nephritis
• Pyelonephritis
• Tuberecular Pyelonephritis
• Nephrotic Syndrom
• Metabolic Diseases and Kidney
• Systemic diseases and Kidney
• Acute and Chronic Renal Failure
• Kidney Tumours
• Calculi
• Cystitis
• Ureteric Stricture
• Urethritis, Specific and Non Specific
• Renal Function Test in Relation to Homoeopathy

CARDIO VASCULAR DISEASES

• Ischaemic Heart Disease
• Rheumatic Heart Disease
• Valvular Heart Disease
• Hypertension
• Cardiomyopathy
• Infective Endocarditis
• Congestive Cardiac Failure
• Diseases of Pericardium
• Cardiogenic Shock

MALE AND FEMALE GENITAL DISEASES

• Testicular Tumors
• Acute and Chronic Prostatitis
• Prostatic Tumours
• Sterlity
• CA Penis
• Ovarian Tumours
• Fibroids
• CA Cervix
• Infertility
• Endometriosis and Endometrium
• Breast Inflammation and Tumours

RESPIRATORY DISEASES

• Pulmonary function test
• Bronchial Asthma
• Bronchitis
• Bronochiactesis
• Emphysema
• Empyema
• Cor. Pulmonari
• Pheumonia
• Bronchogenic Carcinoma
• Interstitial Lung Diseases

GASTRO INTESTINAL DISEASES

• Tongue, Stomatitis, Ulcers, Tumours
• Oesophagus, Reflex Oesophagitis
• Tumour of Oesophagus
• Stomach, Gastritis, CA Stomach, Gastric Ulcers
• Liver Cirrhosis, Hepatitis, CA Liver
• Liver abscess.
• Liver Function Test
• Gall Stones
• Pancreas Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis, CA pancreas
• Intestines Ulcers, Duodenal colics, CA Colon and Rectum
• Tumours
• Mal absorption syndrome
• Infections
• Appendix, Acute Appendicitis

SKIN DISEASES

• Infection and Tumours

BONES DISEASES

• Sarcoma, Osteoma, Paget's diseases
• Osteomyelitis, Tubercular Osteomyelitis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteo Arthritis

GENERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

• Meningitis Pyogenic/Tubercular

CEREBRO SPINAL FLUIDS

• Picture of various Diseases

ENDOCRINAL SYSTEM

• Thyroid, Diabetes Mellitus

Ist Paper – General Systemic Pathology and Miasms

IInd Paper- Bacteriology, Parasitology and clinical Pathology

(Each divided into Two Sections)

Pathology Practical

Experimental/Microbiological Spots, Readings and Interpretation of Pathological Reports.

II. B.H.M.S.

FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY

The subject is of practical importance to the students of homoeopathic medicine as homoeopathic physicians are to be employed by Government in areas where they may have to handle medico-legal-cases, perform autopsies, apart from giving evidence in such cases. The training in forensic medicine at present conducted is inadequate to meet these needs.

The course consist of a series of lectures and demonstrations including

1. Legal Procedure:
Definition of medical Jurisprudence. Courts, and their Jurisdiction.

2. Medical ethics :
Law relating to medical registration and Medical relation between practitioners and the State. The Homoeopathy Central Council Act, 1973 and the Code of Ethics under it, the practitioners and the patients, Malpractices covering professional secrecy, the practitioner and the various legislations (Acts) Provincial and Union such as Workman's compensation Act, Public Health Act, Injuries Act, Child Marriage Registration Act, Brostal Schools Act, Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act. Lunacy Act, Indian Evidence Act etc.

3. Forensic Medicine:
Examination and identification of person living and dead: parts, bones, stains, etc. health, Medicolegal: putrefaction, mummification, saponification, forms of death, causes, agencies, onset etc. Assaults, wounds, injuries and death by violence. Asphyxial death, blood examination, blood stains, seminal stains: burns, scalds, lighting stroke etc. Starvation, pregnancy, delivery, abortion, Infanticide, sexual Crimes, Insanity in relation to the State life and accident insurance

Toxicology
A separate course of lectures dealing poisoning in general, the symptoms and treatments of various poisons, post-mortem appearance and test should be given, study of the following poisons:-
Mineral Acid, corrosive, sublimate, arsenic and its compound alcohol, opium and its alkaloids, carbolic acid, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide. Kerosene oil, cannabis indica, cocaine, Belladonna, strychnine and nux vomica, aconite, oleander, snake poisoning, prussic acid, lead.

4. Medico legal post-mortem:
Recording post-mortem appearance, forwarding materials to chemical examiner: Interpretation of laboratory and chemical examiner's findings. Students who are attending a course of lecture in forensic medicine should avail themselves of all possible opportunities of attending medico-legal post-mortems conducted by the professors of forensic medicine. It is expected that each student should attend at least 10 post-mortems.

5. Demonstration:

1. Weapons,
2. Organic & Inorganic poisons
3. Poisonous plants
4. Charts, diagram, models, x-ray films etc. of medico-legal interest

PRACTICE OF MEDICINE

Homoeopathy has a distinct approach to the concept of Disease. It recognizes an ailing individual by studying him as a whole rather than in terms of sick parts. It emphasizes the study of the Man from his State of Health, till it travels to state of presenting illness, incorporating all major events and contributing factors in the process.

The individualization study as above needs following background so that the striking aspects which are characteristic to the individual become clear, In contrast to the common picture of the respective Health disturbances:

1. Primary correlation of the Health disturbances with basics of Anatomy – Physiology-Biochemistry.
2. Knowledge of common evolution of study about its causation, manifestations, maintenance and prognosis details.
3. Knowledge about factors which will worsen and improve the disturbance, including various medicines and non-medical measures and respective possible response elucidation by application of measures.

The study obviously emphasizes more on:

A. Comprehension of Applied part.
B. Sound clinical training at bedside to be able to apply the learning accurately.

These can lead towards developing a Homoeopathic Physician who will not be deficient at the practical Science of Medicine. He should be trained in a manner in which he is not locked up in Rare syndromes as Theoretical Exercise. Exercises but as a sound clinician with adequate discrimination, sharp observation and conceptual clarity. He will then be able to mould an effective appreciation of the patients picture utilizing his knowledge of Medicine.

To evolve the above, following distribution of Theory and Practical Training in suggested so that there is gradual but clear and firm comprehension.

• Course of Study
  • 3 years
  • i.e. in II (Second) BHMS
  • in III (Third) BHMS and
  • in IV (Fourth) BHMS

Examination to be conducted at the end of the IV (Fourth) BHMS. Also in the side of the topics are suggested co-ordinations (with other department) which will improve the caliber of imparting training in Medicine. The distribution is made keeping in mind about other subjects in II, III and IV BHMS and the respective state of learning of student.

II^ND BHMS

1. Clinical Methods of Examination of patients as whole:
2. Respiratory diseases - Respective portion in surgery
3. Alimentary Tract and Pancreas Disease- Respective portion in surgery

III^RD BHMS

1. Genetic Factors - Chronic Diseases and Miasms Dept. of Organon & Philosophy
2. Nutritional diseases -Nutrition, Hygiene in Dept. of Community Medicine
3. Immunological Factors in Diseases -Epidemiology in Dept. of Community medicine
4. Climatric Factors in Diseases
5. Metabolic Disease
6. Endocrinal Diseases -Menstrual Disorder in Dept. of Gynaecology

The above all need follow up with respective Therapeutics Topics also.

IV^TH BHMS

1. Liver and Biliary Tract Diseases
2. Hematological Diseases
3. Cardiovascular system Diseases
4. Kidneys & Urinary Tracts – Diseases
5. Water and Electrolytes balance – Diseases
6. Connective Tissue Disorders
7. Bones and Joints Disorders
8. Skin Diseases
9. CNS & peripheral nervous system-Mental Diseases
10. Acute Emergencies including poisonings
11. Paediatrics

The above in these terms will require a follow up of strong and emphatic training on Homoeopathic Therapeutics for the same.

It will be conducted in IV (fourth) BHMS at the end of 3 years of course of study in Theoretical and Practical aspects of Medicine.

Eligibility for examination shall include submission of 10 complete case histories, 5 each prepared in III and IV BHMS.

PRACTICAL &CLINICAL EXAMINATION

The examination procedure will include one case to be prepared and presented to the examiner. The examiners will put stress on

1. Comprehensive case taking
2. Bedside procedure Investigations for diagnosis
3. Principles of management

GENERAL GUIDANCE: THERAPEUTICS

Homoeopathy has a distinct approach to disease. Concept of individualization and concept of chronic miasm makes it distinct.

It recognizes an ailing individual by studying him as a whole rather than in terms of sick parts. It emphasizes that study of man from the state of Health i.e. DISPOSITION DIATHESIS DISEASE, taking into account all predisposing and precipitating factors i.e. FUNDAMENTAL CAUSE, MAINTAINING CAUSE & EXCITING CAUSE.

Hahnemann's theory of chronic miasm provides us an evolutionary understanding of the chronic disease: PSORA-SYCOSIS-SYPHILIS & acute manifestations of Chronic Disease, Evolution of the natural disease shall be comprehended in the light of theory or chronic miasm. How our current knowledge of Pathology and clinical medicine assist in defining this must be demonstrated.

Study of therapeutics does not mean simply list of specifics. For the clinical condition, but teaching of applied Materia Medica. Here we demonstrate how various drugs would come up in psoric, sycotic, tubercular or syphilitic state of the clinical conditions. Thus emphasis would be in correlating pace of evolution of disease, peculiar, respectively and cluster of characteristics.

Thus teaching of therapeutics of Hypertension would demand delineation of various phases of hypertension taking into account what is happening to the STRUCTURE and what kind of forms are thrown off. Psoric phase would be characterized by LABILE hypertension which shoots up under stress especially with rise in systolic and manifesting flushes and emotional disturbances.

This would draw our attention to drugs like GELSEMIUM, GLONINE, FERRUM MET etc. This is the functional phase. Tubercular hypertension would be characterized by fairly high systolic and diastolic B.P. oscillating wildly at higher range, manifesting bleeding like epistaxis etc. with erratic mental state. This will draw attention to PHOSPHORUS, LACHESIS etc.

Syphilitic dimension would be characterized by immense destructive damage at target organs like heart, kidney and retina.

Thus teachings of THERAPEUTICS would essentially demand an effective correlation of:

1. Knowledge of clinical/medicine/Surgery
2. Appreciation of Natural disease its evolution in the light of Theory of chronic miasm. Thus correlation with Organon Philosophy.
3. Applied Materia Medica and Repertory:

Comprehending drug picture from the evolutionary angle- Boger's approach towards Materia Medica and its application for the study of various clinical patterns of Natural disease.

Correlation with MATERIA MEDICA and with REPERTORY.

PAPER I: As per syllabus of II &III BHMS
PAPER II: As per the syllabus of IV BHMS
PAPER III: Homoeopathic Therapeutic

SURGERY

Homoeopathy as a Science need clear application on part of the physician to decide about the best course actions required to restore the sick to health.

Knowledge about surgical Disorders is required to be grasped will so that the Homoeopathic Physician is able to:-

1. Diagnose common surgical cases.
2. Institute homoeopathic medical treatment wherever possible.
3. Organise Pre and Post-operative Homoeopathic medicinal care as total/partial responsibility. And
4. Organize a complete Homoeopathic care for restoring the susceptibility of the patient to normally.

The conceptual clarity and Database needed for above is possible only by an effective co-ordination of the care of the patients.

The study shall include training on :

1. Knowledge of causation, manifestation, maintenance and prognosis of Health Disorders related to Surgery with stress on miasmatic evolution.
2. Bedside clinical procedures.
3. Correlation of applied aspects, with factors which can modify the course of illness, including medicinal and non-medicinal measures.

The above can assist a Homoeopathic Physician who will be a Rational Physician not one locked up in whirlpools of rare conditions but one who can apply all the basics for an ailing individual.

It will also facilitate him for individualization of the patient, necessary for final Homoeopathic management.
The study will start in II (Second) BHMS and complete in III (Third) BHMS.

Examination will be conducted in III (Third) BHMS.

Following is a plan to achieve the above, it takes into account about the II (Second) and III (Third) year BHMS syllabus and respective stage of development. Some points are made co-ordinating with other departments (for a better training in Surgery, ultimately).

That the SURGERY as a subject will include:-

1. Principles of Surgery
2. Fundamentals of Examination of a patient with surgical problems.
3. Use of common Instruments for Examination of a patient, asepsis, antisepsis, Dressings, plaster, operative surgery etc.
4. Practical Instruments, Training in Minor surgical Methods.
5. Physiotherapy measures.
6. Include also applied study in Radiology, etc. Diagnostics.
7. Includes Orthopaedics, Ophthalmology, Dental Diseases, Otorhinolaryngiology and Neonatal Surgery.

IV BHMS

1. What are surgical cases? Orientation towards case taking and Examination of Surgical patients (Details to be done as part of Practical Training).
2. Applied anatomy and physiology – its importance demonstration with good examples.
3. Basics of general surgical procedures.
4. Inflammation, Infections (Specific and Non-specific) Suppuration, Bacteriology, Immunity.
5. Injuries of various kinds- wound healing and management including Ulcers, Sinuses, Gangrene, etc.
6. Hemorrhage, shock, their management
7. Resuscitation and support in emergencies.
8. Accidents and Warfare injuries management.
9. Burns Management.
10. Fractures and Dislocation: general principles.
11. Diseases of the bones: general principles including growing skeleton.
12. Diseases of the joints: general principles including Rheumatology.
13. Diseases of the muscles, tendons, Fascia, etc: General principles.
14. Diseases of the Arteries: general principles.
15. Diseases of the veins: general principles.
16. Diseases of the Lymphatic system: general principles.
17. Diseases of the nerves: general principles.
18. Immunology: general Organ rejection, Transplants, etc.
19. Oncology: Tumors, Cysts, etc. general principles of management.
20. Congenital disorders: orientation and correction procedures.
21. Lectures cum Demonstration on bandages, surgical appliances, etc.
22. Lecture Demonstrations on x-rays.
23. Surgical Diseases of the Infancy and Childhood.

The above has to be followed up with relevant systemic Surgery Topics so as to cover:

1. All common clinical conditions of various parts.
2. Their evolution, examination methods and diagnosis.
3. Their investigations and prognosis
4. Their management especially principles
5. Relevant minor surgical procedures
6. Preventive aspects

ORTHOPAEDICS: Study as above about injuries, inflammation, ulcer, sinus, tumors, cysts, etc. (related to common condition of all bones and joints including spine) with relevant management correlating with Physiotherapy etc.

OPHTHALMOLOGY: Knowledge of common diseases, accidents, injuries etc. of various parts of Eyes.
Clinical Examination of Eyes (various parts) using various instruments including Ophthalmoscopy.
Common Eye operations and relevant care of the patients.

OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY (ENT): Study as above of Ears, Nose, Throat, Tracheobronchial Tree, Oesophagus.

Management Of Common SURGICAL PROCEDURES AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES:To be taught in theory as practice.

1. Wounds, Abscesses, etc. Incision and Drainage.
2. Venesections
3. Dressings and plasters.
4. Suturing of various types.
5. Preoperative and post-operative care.
6. Management of post operative complications.
7. Management of shock
8. Management of Acute Haemorrhage.
9. Management of acute injury cases.
10. Management of a Head Injury case.

The above is utmost necessary for any physician.

The above basically consists of Mechanical skilled procedure, supplementation, etc., measures which in no way interferes with scope and application of Law of Similars.

EXAMINATION

It will be conducted in III (THIRD) BHMS at end of 2 years of Course of study in theory and Practical Training of Surgery.

Eligibility for examination will include submission of 10 complete case histories, 5 (five) each from the study in II and III BHMS.

Paper–I: Inflammation; infection; haemorrhage; shock; burns; ulcers and gangrene; tumors; cysts; injuries and diseases of nerves, muscles, tendon burase; lymphatic system, vascular system, spleen; general diseases, Ophthalmology.

Paper-II: Head, Neck, Thyroid, Breast, Congenital anomalies, Abdominal Surgeries, Gastrointestinal system, Bones Joints, Spine, Thoracic Surgery, Otolaryngology, Dental Surgery.

Paper-III: Exclusively on Homoeopathic Therapeutics.

PRACTICAL AND CLINICAL EXAMINATIONS

The examination will include one case to be prepared and presented by the examinees. The assessing examiners shall stress on:

1. Comprehensive Case taking:
2. Bedside Training:
3. Adequate grasp over the process of Diagnosis:
4. Adequate grasp over principles of management.

GYNAECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS INCLUDING INFANT CARE

The attitude towards study of this subject remains same as for Surgery. It will have to be emphasized that the Training in special clinical methods or investigation and treatment of local conditions will go a long way in managing Gynae & Obst. Cases.

There is a quite large part of the clinical territory of this subject which is amenable to Homoeopathic Treatment. Pregnancy and Development Phase of the foetus are very useful phases to treat a lot of familial dyscrasias. The problems studied herein constitute delicate phases of Female patients and have strong correlation with their general well being.

The study will start in II (Second) BHMS and complete in III (Third) BHMS, Examination will be held in III (Third) BHMS.

Following is the plan to achieve the above.

II BHMS

OBSTETRICS

1. A Review of the Applied Anatomy.
2. A Review of the Applied Physiology.
3. Development of the Intra Uterine Pregnancy.
4. Diagnosis of pregnancy.
5. Ante-natal care.
6. Abnormal Pregnancy: Introduction
7. Normal labour
8. Abnormal labour: Introduction.
9. Post natal care Puerperal
10. Abnormal Puerperal
11. Care of the New born

GYNAECOLOGY

1. Applied Anatomy and Physiology
2. Gynaecological Examination
3. Development abnormalities
4. Endocrinal Axis: abnormalities
5. Uterine displacements

III BHMS

OBSTETRICS

1. Abnormal Pregnancies: Abortions, Molar pregnancy, Extra Uterine, Diseases of placenta and membrane, Toxaemia of Pregnancy, Antepartum Hemorrhage, Disorders of Genital tract Retroversion, prolapse, Tumours, etc. Multiple Pregnancy, Protracted gestation.

2. Common disorders and systemic diseases associated with Pregnancy.

3. Labour Abnormal Position and Presentation, Twins, Prolapse of Cord and limbs, abnormalities in the action of the Uterus Abnormal condition of soft parts contracted Pelvis, obstructed labour, Complications of third stage of labour, injuries of birth canals.

4. Common Obstetrical operations.

5. Abnormal Puerperal: infections etc.

GYNAECOLOGY

Inflammation, ulceration and traumatic lesions of the female genital organs, Malignant/Non-malignant Growths, Common Gynaecological operations and radiotherapy.

• Infant Care
• Neonatal hygiene
• Breast feeding
• Artificial feeding
• Management of premature child
• Asphyxia
• Birth injuries
• Common disorders of new born

EXAMINATION

It will be conducted in III (Third) BHMS at the end of 2 years of Course of studying Theoretical and Practical aspects of Gynaecology and Obstetrics.

Eligibility for examination will include submission of 20 complete cases of different types (10 each in Gynaecology and Obstetrics).

Paper I: Obstetrics and Infant Care

Paper II: Gynaecology

Paper III: Exclusively for Homoeopathic Therapeutics

PRACTICAL & CLINICAL EXAMINATION

The Examinee will take and present one case. The examiners shall stress on:

1. Comprehensive Case Taking.
2. Bedside training.
3. Adequate grasp over Diagnostics.
4. Adequate grasp over Management Principles.

COMMUNITY MEDICINE

(including Health Education and Family Medicine)

Instructions in this course should be given in the Fourth year of medical studies by lectures, demonstrations and field studies. This subject is of utmost importance, and throughout the period of medical studies the attention of the student should be directed to the importance of preventive medicine and the measures for the promotion of positive health.

His function is not limited merely to prescribing homoeopathic medicines for curative purposes but he has a wider role to play, in the community. He has to be well conversant with the national health problems both or rural as well as urban areas, so that he can be assigned responsibilities to play as effective role not only in the filed of curative but also of preventive and social medicine including family planning.

1. Introduction to preventive and social medicine concept, man and society: aim and scope of preventive and social medicine, social causes of disease and social problems or the sick, relation of economic factors and environment in health and disease.

2. Physiological hygiene:-

1. Food and nutrition-food in relation to health and disease. Balanced diets. Nutritional deficiencies and nutritional survey. Food processing, pasteurization of milk. Adulteration of food and food inspection, Food poisoning.
2. Air, light and sunshine.
3. Effect of climate-humidity temperature, pressure and other meteorological
4. conditions-comfort zone, effect of overcrowding.
5. Personal hygiene- (Cleanliness, rest, sleep, work) Physical exercise and training care of health in tropics.

3. Environmental sanitation:

1. Definition and importance.
2. Atmospheric pollution-purification or air, air sterilization, air borne diseases.
3. Water supplies-sources and uses, impurities and purification. Public water supplies in urban and rural areas. Standards of drinking water, water borne diseases.
4. Conservancy-Methods in villages, towns and cities, septic tanks, dry earth latrines-water closets. Disposal of sewage, disposal of the deceased, disposal of refuge incineration.
5. Sanitation of fairs and festivals.
6. Disinfection – disinfectants, deodorants, antiseptics, germicides. Methods of disinfection and sterilization.
7. Insects-insecticides and disinfection-insects in relation to disease. Insect control.
8. Protozoal and helminthic diseases Life cycle of protozoan and helminthes, their prevention.

4. Medical Statistics

Principles and elements of vital statistics
Preventive Medicine

1. General principles of prevention and control of communicable diseases. Plague, Cholera, Small Pox Diphtheria, Leprosy, Tuberculosis, Malaria, Kala-Azar, Filariasis, Common viral diseases e.g. Common Cold Measles, Chicken Pox, Poliomyelitis, Infective Hepatitis, Helminthic infections, Enteric fever, dysenteries and also animal diseases transmissible to man. Their description and methods of preventive spread by contact, by droplet infection by environmental vehicles, (water, soil, food insects, animals, foundries, prophylaxis and vaccination).
2. General principles of prevention and control of non-communicable diseases e.g. obesity, hypertension etc.

Natural history of disease

5. Maternal and Child Health, school health services, health education, mental hygiene-elementary principles: school medicine its aim and methods.
6. Family Planning – Demography, channels of communication, National Family planning programme, knowledge, attitudes regarding contraceptive practices. Population and growth control.
7. Public health administration and international health relation.
8. Homoeopathic concept of prophylaxis, vaccination, Immunology and personal hygiene.

N.B: Field demonstration-water purification plant, infectious diseases hospital etc.

REPERTORY

IV BHMS

Repertorization is not the end but means to arrive to the simillimum together with Materia Medica based on sound principles of Philosophy. Homoeopathic Materia Medica is an encyclopedia of Symptoms. No mind can memorize all the symptoms or all the drugs with their characteristic gradation. The repertory is an index and catalogue of the symptoms of the Materia Medica, nearly arranged in a practical form and also indicating the relative gradation of drugs, and it greatly facilitates quick selection of indicated remedy. It is impossible to practice Homoeopathy without the aid of repertories.

Each repertory has been compiled on distinct philosophical base, which determines its structure. In order to exploit full advantage of each repertory it is important to grasp thoroughly its conceptual base and construction. This will help student to learn scope, limitations and adaptability of the repertory.

Case taking:

Difficulties of taking a chronic case. Recording of cases and usefulness of record keeping. Totality of symptoms, prescribing symptoms: uncommon peculiar and characteristic symptoms. Analysis of the case uncommon and common symptoms. Gradation and evaluation of Symptoms. Importance of Mental symptoms. Kind and sources of general symptoms. Concomitant symptoms.

Teaching of repertorisation should not merely be reduced to rubric hunting exercises. Patient is not a bundle of rubrics.

Logic of Repertory, is delivered from Organon of Medicine as such Repertory should not be taught in isolation. Due emphasis should be made to:-

a. Learning the language of repertory i.e. meaning of rubrics in correlation with Materia Medica and clinical experiences.

b. Correlation of Repertory with Therapeutics and Materia Medica.

1. History and development of repertories till date.
2. Types of repertories.
3. Explanation of terminologies used in various repertories.
4. Boenninghausen’s therapeutic pocket book and Boger Boenninghausen’s repertory.
5. Kent’s repertory.
6. Introduction to card repertory.
7. Specific regional repertories ALLEN’S FEVER, BELL’S DIARHOEA with their comparison.
8. Brief introduction to puritan group of repertory as Knerr, Gentry, Robert in respect of their Clinic use.
9. Introduction to Computer Repertorization.

PRACTICAL

Students shall repertories:-

1. 10 acute cases on Kent.
2. 5 chronic cases on Kent.
3. 5 chronic cases on Boenninghausen.
4. 5 chronic cases on Bogar-Boeinninghausen.
5. 5 cases to be cross checked on computer.

PART-VI

FIRST BHMS EXAMINATION

7. Admission to examination, scheme of examination etc :

1. The student shall be admitted to the First BHMS Examination provided he/she has required attendance as per regulation 13 (iii) to the satisfaction of the head of the Homoeopathic Medical College.
2. The First BHMS examination shall be held at the end of 18th month of admission.
3. The minimum number of hours for lecture, demonstration/practical and seminar classes in the subjects shall be as under:-

   	Subject Demonstration	Theoretical Lecture	Practical/Tutorial/Seminar
   1	Organon of Medicine, Principles of Homoeopathic Philosophy and Psychology	150 hrs. (including 40 hrs. for Psychology)	35 hrs. (including 10 hrs. for Psychology)
   2.	Anatomy, Histology and Embryology	250 hrs	325 hrs.
   3	Physiology including Biochemistry	250 hrs.	325 hrs.
   4.	Homoeopathic Pharmacy	100 hrs	100 hrs
   5.	Homoeopathic Materia Medica	50 hrs	25 hrs.

4. Examination in Organon of Medicine, Principles of Homoeopathic Philosophy and Psychology shall consist of one theory paper and one oral examination.
5. Examination in Anatomy including Histology and Embryology shall consist of two theory papers. Practical includes oral, identification of specimen and histology slides.
6. Examination in Physiology including Biochemistry shall consist of two theory papers and one practical including oral.
7. The examination in Homoeopathic Pharmacy shall consist of one theory and one practical including Oral.
8. The examination in Homoeopathic Materia Medica consist of one theory and one oral examination.
9. Full marks for each subject and the minimum number of marks required for passing First BHMS should be as follows:

   Subject	Written		Practical (including oral)		Total
   	Full marks	Pass marks	Full marks	Pass marks	Full marks	Pass marks
   Homoeopathic Pharmacy	100	50	100	50	200	100
   Anatomy	200	100	200	100	400	200
   Physiology including Biochemistry	200	100	200	100	400	200
   Homoeopathic Materia Medica	100	50	50	25	150	75
   Organon of Medicine, Principles of Homoeopathic Philosophy and Psychology	100	50	50	25	150	75

8. SECOND BHMS EXAMINATION

1. No candidate shall be admitted to the Second BHMS Examination unless he has passed the First BHMS examination and he/she has required attendance as per regulation 7 (iii) to the satisfaction of the head of the Homoeopathic Medical College.
2. The Second BHMS examination shall be held at the end of 30th month of admission to First BHMS.
3. The minimum number of hours for lecture, demonstration/practical and seminar classes in the subjects shall be as under:-
   

   	Subject	Theoretical Lecture	Practical/Tutorial clinical/Seminar
   1.	Pathology and Microbiology including Parasitology Bacteriology and Virology	200	70
   2.	Forensic Medicine & Toxicology	50	20
   3.	Organon of Medicine and Principles of Homoeopathic Philosophy	125
   4.	Homoeopathic Materia Medica	75	75
   5.	Surgery including ENT, Eye Dental and Homoeo. therapeutic	50 } 75 25 One term of three months in surgical ward and O.P.D.	75
   6.	Obstetrics & Gynaecology Infant care and Homoeo therapeutics	75 One term of three months in Gynaecology & Obstetrics ward and OPD	75
   7.	Practice of Medicine and Homoeo. Therapeutics	50 } 75 25 One term of three months in OPD & IPD of different Medical wards	75

4. Examination in Pathology and Microbiology shall consist of one theory paper and one practical including oral. Identification of microscopic slides and specimen shall be a part of practical examination.
5. Examination in Forensic Medicine and Toxicology shall consist of one theory paper and one oral examination including identification and spotting of specimens.
6. Examination in Organon of Medicine, Principles of Homoeopathic Philosophy and Psychology shall consist of one theory paper and one oral examination.
7. Examination in Materia Medica shall consist of one theory paper and one practical including oral examination.
8. In order to pass the Second BHMS examination, a candidate has to pass all the subjects of the examination.
9. Full marks for each subject and the minimum marks required for pass are as follows:

   Subject	Written		Practical including oral		Total
   	Full marks	Pass marks	Full marks	Pass marks	Full marks	Pass marks
   Pathology & Microbiology	100	50	100	50	200	100
   Forensic Medicine &. toxicology	100	50	100	50	200	100
   Homoeopathic Materia Medica	100	50	100	50	200	100
   Organon of Medicine	100	50	100	50	200	100

9. THIRD BHMS EXAMINATION

1. No candidate shall be admitted to the Third BHMS examination unless he has passed the Second BHMS examination and he/she has required attendance as per regulation 7 (iii) to the satisfaction of the head of the Homoeopathic Medical College.
2. The Third BHMS examination shall be held at the end of 42nd month of admission to First BHMS.
3. The minimum number of hours for lecture,demonstration/practical,clinical and seminar in the subjects shall be as under:

   	Subject	Theoretical Lecture	Practical/clinical/ Tutorial classes
   1	Practice of Medicine & Homoeo therapeutics	50 } 75 25	75 One term of 3 month each in OPD & IPD in different wards/Dept.
   2.	Surgery including ENT. Ophthalmology & dental & Homoeo therapeutics	100 } 150 50	75 One term of three months each in Surgical ward and OPD.
   3	Obstetrics & Gynaecology Infant care & Homoeo therapeutics	100 } 150 50 .	75 One term of three months in Gynae. ward and OPD
   4.	Homoeopathic Materia Medica	100	75
   5.	Organon of Medicine	100	75

4. Examination in Surgery shall consist of three theory papers and one practical examination. One theory paper shall be exclusively on Homoeo therapeutics. The Practical examination shall consist of clinical examination and oral. In the clinical examination the students shall be examined on his skill on the surgical instruments, bandages and general measures related to surgery, scope of Homoeopathic therapeutics and examination and diagnosis of surgical disease through clinical examination, X-ray and other common diagnostic techniques. The case studies reports of the students carried out during the course shall also be considered for the oral examination.
5. Examination in Obstetrics & Gynaecology including infant care shall consist of three theory papers and one practical examination. One theory paper shall be exclusively on Homoeo therapeutics. The Practical examination shall consist of clinical examination and oral. In the clinical examination the students shall be examined on his skill on the specimens, models, instruments, and general appliances related to Obstetrics, scope of Homoeopathic therapeutics and examination and diagnosis of Gynecological disease through clinical examination, X-ray and other common diagnostic techniques. The case studies reports of the students carried out during the course shall also be considered for the oral examination
6. Examination in Homoeopathic Materia Medica shall consist of one theory paper and one bedside practical examination. The bedside examination shall be on two acute cases with special reference to their nosological diagnosis and therapeutic diagnosis from Homoeopathic point of view.
7. Examination in Organon of medicine shall consist of one theory paper and on oral examination.
8. In order to pass the Third BHMS examination, candidates have to pass in all the subject of the examination.
9. Full marks for each subject and the minimum marks required for pass are as follows:

   Subject	Written		Practical (including oral)		Total
   	Full marks	Pass marks	Full marks	Pass marks	Full marks	Pass marks
   Surgery including ENT Ophthalmology & Dental, Homoeo. Therapeutics	300	150	200	100	500	250
   Obstetrics & Gynaecology Infant care & Homoeo. therapeutics	300	150	200	100	500	250
   Homoeopathic Materia Medica	100	50	100	50	200	100
   Organon of Medicine	100	50	100	50	200	100

FOURTH BHMS EXAMINATION

110

(i) No candidate shall be admitted to the Fourth BHMS examination unless he has passed the third BHMS examination and he/she has required attendance as per regulation 7 (iii) to the satisfaction of the head of the Homoeopathic Medical College. (ii) The Fourth BHMS examination shall be held at the end of 54th month of admission of First BHMS. (iii) The minimum number of hours for lecture, demonstration/practical, seminar and clinical classes in the subjects shall be as under:- Subject Theoretical Lecture Practical/clinical Tutorial classes 1 Practice of Medicine & Homoeo. Therapeutics 100 } 150 50 200 One term of 4 months in OPD & IPD in different Medical wards/Deptt. 2 Homoeopathic Materia Medica 100 75 3 Organon of Medicine 100 75 4 Repertory 125 150 5 Community Medicine 100 100 (iv) Examination in Practice of Medicine including Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Dermatology shall consist of three theory papers and one bedside practical examination. One theory paper shall be exclusively on Homoeo. therapeutics. The practical examination shall consist of clinical examination and oral. In the clinical examination the students shall be examined on his skill on the nosological and therapeutic diagnosis, through clinical examination, X-ray and other common diagnostic techniques and detailed case takings on long and short cases. The case reports of the students carried out during the course shall also be considered for the oral examination. (v) Examination in Case taking and Repertory shall consist of one theory paper and one practical examination. The Practical examination shall consist of the Homoeopathic principles on case taking of one long case and one short case and the methods of arriving the reportorial totality, through case analysis and actual repertorisation. The skill of finding rubrics from Kent and Bonninghausen Repertories, the case reports of the students carried out during the course shall be considered for the oral examination. (vi) Examination in Homoeopathic Materia Medica shall consist of two theory papers and one bedside practical examination. The bedside examination shall be one long case and one short case with special reference to their nosological diagnosis and therapeutic diagnosis from Homoeopathic point of view. The case reports of the students carried out during the course shall be considered for the oral examination. (vii) Examination in Organon of Medicine and Principles of Homoeopathic Philosophy shall consist of two theory papers and one practical examination. The practical examination shall be on the Homoeopathic orientation of cases in relation to miasmatic diagnosis, general management, posology, second prescription etc. (viii The examination in Community Medicine including Health Education and Family Welfare shall consist of one theory paper and one oral examination. The oral examination shall be on spotting and identification of specimens and matters related to the community oriented problems. (ix) In order to pass the Fourth BHMS examination, candidates have to pass in all the subjects of the examination. (x) Full marks for each subject and the minimum marks required for pass are as follows: Subject Written Practical including oral Total   Full marks Pass marks Full marks Pass marks Full marks Pass marks Practice of Medicine 300 150 200 100 500 250 Homoeopathic Materia Medica 200 100 200 100 400 200 Organon of Medicine 200 100 100 50 300 150 Case taking & Repertory 100 50 100 50 200 100 Community Medicine 100 50 100 50 200 100

RESULTS AND RE-ADMISSION TO EXAMINATION

111

(i) Examining body may ensure that the results of the examination are published in time so that the student who successfully completes the BHMS examinations can complete the course in 5½ yrs after admission. (ii) Candidates who have passed in one or more subjects need not appear in that subject or those subjects again in the subsequent examinations if the candidate passes the whole examination with in four chances including the original examination. (iii) Facility to keep term: Not withstanding with the foregoing regulations, the students shall be allowed the facility to keep term on the following conditions: (a) The candidate must pass the Second BHMS examination at least one term (6 months) before he is allowed to appear in the Third BHMS examination. (b) The candidate must pass the Third BHMS examination at least one term (6 months) before he is allowed to appear in the Fourth BHMS examination. (c) No candidate shall be given more than 4 chances to appear in First BHMS examination in the same subject. (iv) A candidate who appears at Second or Third BHMS examinations, but fails to pass in the subject or subjects, he may be admitted to the next examination in the subject or subjects. However candidates shall be allowed to keep term as provided in (iii) above. (v) Special classes, seminars, demonstrations, practical, tutorials etc. shall be arranged for the repeaters in the subject in which they have failed before they are allowed to appear at the next examination, in which attendance shall be compulsory. (vi) If a candidate fails to pass in all the subjects with in four chances in examinations, he shall be required to prosecute a further course of studying all the subjects and in all parts for one year to the satisfaction of the head of the college and appearing for examination in all the subjects. Provided that if a student appearing for the Fourth BHMS examination has only one subject to pass at the end of prescribed chances, he shall be allowed to appear at the next examination in that particular subject and shall complete the examination with this special chance. (vii) The examining body may under exceptional circumstances, partially or wholly cancel any examination conducted by it under intimation to the Central Council of Homoeopathy and arrange for conducting re-examination in those subjects within a period of thirty days from the date of such cancellation. (viii) Grace marks may be awarded to the students at the discretion of the University/examining body on exceptional circumstances.

¹12. Examiners:

1. No person other than the holder of qualification prescribed for the teaching staff in Homoeopathy (Minimum Standards of Education) Regulation as amended from time to time shall be appointed as an internal or external or paper-setter for the BHMS Degree Course.
   Provided that:-
   1. No such person shall be appointed as an examiner unless he has at least three years continuous regular teaching experience in the subject concerned, gained in a degree level Homoeopathic Medical College.
   2. Internal examiners shall be appointed from amongst the teaching staff of the Homoeopathic Medical College.
   3. A paper setter may be appointed as an internal or external examiner.
2. The examining body may appoint a single moderator or moderators not exceeding three in number for the purpose of moderating question papers.
3. Oral and practical examinations shall as a rule be conducted by the respective internal and external examiners with mutual co-operation. They shall each have 50% of the maximum marks out of which they shall allot marks to the candidates appearing at the examination according to their performance and the marks-sheet so prepared shall be signed by both the examiners. Either of the examiners shall have the right to prepare, sign and send mark-sheets separately to the examining body together with his comments. The examining body shall take due note of such comments but it shall declare results on the basis of the mark-sheets.
4. Every Homoeopathic College shall provide all facilities to the internal and external examiners for the conduct of examinations, and the internal examiners shall make all preparations for holding the examinations.
5. The external examiner shall have the right to communicate to the examining body his views and observations about any shortcomings or deficiencies in the facilities provided by the Homoeopathic College.
6. He shall also submit a copy of his communication to the Central Council for such action as the Central Council may consider fit.

¹13. GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR ADMISSION TO EXAMINATION AND SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

1. The examining Body shall ensure that the minimum number of hours for lecture/demonstration/practical/seminar etc. in the subjects in each BHMS examination as specified in respective regulations are followed before allowing any Homoeopathic Medical College to send the students for University examination:
2. The examining body shall ensure that the students of the Homoeopathic Medical Colleges, who do not fulfill the Homoeopathy (Minimum Standards of Education) Regulation, are not sent for the University Examination.
3. Attendance: 75% attendance in a subject for appearing in the examination is compulsory. The examining body may relax this on exceptional circumstances on individual merit.
4. Each theory paper shall be of three hours duration.
5. The Practical/oral examination shall be completed immediately after the theory Examination.
6. That the examining body shall hold examinations on such date and time as the examining body may determine. The theory and practical examination shall be held in the premises of the Homoeopathic Medical College concerned.
7. There shall be two examinations in a year. One Regular examination and another Supplementary. The supplementary examination may be conducted within 6 months of the Regular examination.
8. No student shall be permitted to join para clinical/clinical group of subjects until he has passed in all the pre clinical subjects of First BHMS for which he will be permitted not more than four chances including the original examination.

¹14. "MISCELLANEOUS"

1. Authorities empowered to conduct examinations:
   The Universities shall conduct the examination for the Degree Course in various States or the agencies empowered by an Act of Parliament.
2. Interpretation:
   Where any doubt arises to the interpretation of these regulations it shall be referred to the Central Council for clarification.
3. Power to relax:
   Where any University, or Medical institution in India which grants medical qualification, is satisfied that the operation of any of these regulations causes undue hardship in any particular case, that University or Medical Institution as the case may be, may by order, for reasons recorded in writing, dispense or relax the requirement of that regulation in such an extent and subject to such exceptions and conditions as it may consider necessary for dealing with the case in a just and equitable manner.
   
   2Provided that no such order shall be made except with the concurrence of the Central Council.
4. Saving Clause:
   Any Diploma/Degree qualification, at present included in II or III Schedule to the Homoeopathy Central Council Act where nomenclature is not in consonance with these regulations shall cease to be recognized medical qualification when granted after the commencement of these regulations. However, this clause will not apply to the students who are already admitted to these courses before the enforcement of these regulations.
5. Transfer of students from one College to another:
   1. A student studying in a Homoeopathic Medical College may be allowed to migrate/transfer to another Homoeopathic Medical College under same or another University.
   2. The University concerned can allow the migration/transfer within three months after passing the First BHMS examination, as a rule.
   3. Migration/Transfer of students during the course of their training for the clinical subjects may be avoided.
   4. The number of students migrating/transferring from one college to another college during one year will be kept to the minimum so that the training of the regular students of that college is not adversely affected. The number of students migrating/transferring to/from any one college should not exceed the limit of 5% of its intake subject to a maximum of 5 student in any one Homoeopathy college in one year.
   5. Cases not covered under the above regulations may be referred to the Council for consideration on individual merits.
   6. Intimation about the admission of migrated/transferred students into any college shall be sent to the Council forthwith.

ANNEXURE 'A'
(Regulation 3 (ii))

INTERNSHIP TRAINING

1. 1. Each candidate shall be required to undergo compulsory rotating internship of one year, after passing the final BHMS Examinations, to the satisfaction of the Principal of the Homoeopathic College. Thereafter only, the candidate shall be eligible for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Homoeopathic Medicine and Surgery (B.H.M.S.) by the University.
      All parts of the Internship training shall be undertaken at the hospital attached to the College, and in cases where such hospital cannot accommodate all of its students for Internship then such candidates/students shall be informed in writing by the college and it shall be the responsibility of the College to ensure that each of such students is put on internship training in a Homoeopathic Hospital or dispensary run by Government or local bodies.
   2. To enable the State Board/Council of Homoeopathy to grant provisional registration of minimum of one year to each candidate to undertake the internship, the University concerned shall issue a provisional passed certificate on passing the final BHMS examination to each successful candidate.
      Provided that in the event of shortage or unsatisfactory work, the period of compulsory internship and the provisional registration shall be accordingly extended by the State Board/Council.
   3. Full registration shall only be given by the State Boards if the BHMS degree awarded by the University concerned is a recognized medical qualification as per Section 13 (1) of the Act, and Board shall award registration to such candidates who produce certificate of completion or compulsory rotating internship of not less than one year duration from the Principal of College where one has been a bonafide student which shall also declare that the candidate is eligible for it.
   4. The internee students shall not prescribe the treatment including medicines, and, each of them shall work under the direct supervision of Head of Department concerned and/or a Resident Medical Officer. No intern student shall issue any medicolegal document under his/her signatures.
   5. Each candidate shall complete the internship training at the maximum within a period of 24 months after passing the final year examination.
2. The internship training shall be regulated by the Principal in consultation with concerned Heads of Departments and R.M.O. as under:-
   1. Each internee student shall be asked to maintain a record of work which is to be constantly monitored by the Head of concerned department and/or Resident Medical Officer under whom the internee is posted. The scrutiny of record shall be done in an objective way to update the knowledge, skill and aptitude of internee.
   2. The stress during the internship training shall be on case taking, evaluation of symptoms, nosological and miasmatic diagnostic analysis, repertorisation and management of sick people based on principles of Homoeopathy. Weekly seminars shall be conducted wherein interns in rotation be given a chance to present their cases for discussion, and, concerned teachers/R.M.O. shall assess performance of each of interns.
   3. Rotation of intern students shall be as under:
      1. Practice of Medicine – 8 Months wherein internee will be rotated in each Psychology, Respiratory, Gastro – intestinal, Endocrinology, Skin and V.D., Loco-motor, Cardiology, Paediatrics sections.
      2. Surgery – 1 month.
      3. Obstetrics & Gynaecology -2 Months (1 month each (including Reproductive & child health care)).
      4. Community medicine (including PHC/CHC) -1 month.
   4. Each internee shall be exposed to clinicopathology work to acquire skill in taking samples and doing routine blood – examination, blood smear for parasites, sputum examination, urine and stool examination. Students shall be trained to correlate laboratory findings with diagnosis and management of sick people.
   5. Each internee shall be given opportunities to learn the diagnostic techniques like x-rays, Ultrasonography, E.C.G., Spirometer and other forthcoming techniques and co-relate their findings with diagnosis and management of cases.
   6. Each internee student shall be given adequate knowledge about issuing of medico-legal certificates including medical and fitness certificates, death certificates, birth certificates, court producers and all of such legislation’s be discussed which were taught in curriculum of Forensic Medicine.
   7. Each internee shall maintain records of 40 acute and 25 chronic cases complete in all manner including follow up in Practice of Medicine, record of 5 antenatal check-up and 3 delivery cases attended by him/her in Department of Obstetrics and 3 cases of Gynaecology; records of 5 surgical cases assisted by him (and demonstration knowledge of dressings) in Surgery department, and records of knowledge gained in Primary Health Centres, Community health Centres, various health programmes.
   8. It shall be compulsory for each intern-student to prove at least one drug during the Period of internship.
   9. Each internee shall be given a liberty to choose an elective assignment on any subject, and complete out-put shall be furnished in writing by the internee in respect of elective assignment to the Principal of the College within internship duration.
   10. Each intern shall be posted on duty in such a manner that each of them attend at least 15 days in O.P.D. and 15 days in I.P.D. at least in each month (except for duty in Community Medicine and attend the other parts of duty including self-preparation in Library.
   11. Each intern-student shall be made to learn importance of maintaining statistics and records, intern-student shall also be familiarized with research methodology.
3. 
   
   1. Each internee shall have not less than 80% of attendance during the internship training.
   2. Each internee shall be on duty of at least 6 hrs. per day during the compulsory internship training.

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1. Amended in September, 2003.
2. Amended in June, 2005.

2.	Definitions: In these regulations, unless the context otherwise requires.
	(i). "Act" means the Homeopathy Central Council Act, 1973 (59 of 1973), (ii). "Courses" means the Course of study in Homeopathy, namely: - (a) D.H.M.S. (Diploma in Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery), and (b) B.H.M.S. (Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery), (iii). "Diploma" means a Diploma in Homeopathy as defined in clause (iii) of regulation 2 of the Homeopathy (Diploma Course) Regulations, 1983.
	(iv). "Degree" means a degree in Homeopathy as provided in Regulation 3 of these regulations of a Degree as defined in clause (iv) of regulation 2 of the Homeopathy (Degree Course) Regulations, 1983. (v). "Homeopathic College" means a Homeopathic College affiliated to a Board or University and recognised by the Central Council. (vi). "Inspector" means Medical Inspector appointed under sub- section (1) of section 17 of the Act; (vii). "President" means the President of the Central Council; (viii). "Second Schedule" and Third Schedule" mean the Second and Third Schedule respectively of the Act; (ix). "Syllabus" and "Curriculum" mean the Syllabus and Curriculum for different courses of study as specified by the Central Council under these regulations, the Homeopathy (Diploma Course) Regulations, 1983 and the Homeopathy (Degree Course) Regulations, 1983. (x). "Teaching experience" means teaching experience in the subject concerned in a Homeopathic College or in a Hospital recognised by the Central Council; (xi). "Visitor" means a Visitor appointed under sub -section (l) of section 18 of the Act.

PART- II

Course of Study

3.

Graded Degree Course (i) The Degree Course of B.H.M.S. (Graded Degree) shall comprise a course of study consisting of the Curriculum and Syllabus provided in these regulations, spread over a period of two years including Compulsory Internship of six months' duration after passing the final Degree examination.

(ii). The Internship shall be undertaken at the Hospital attached to the Homoeopathic College and in cases where such Hospital cannot accommodate all of its students for Internship such students may undertake Internship in a Homoeopathic Hospital or Dispensary run by the Central Government or State Government or local bodies, (iii). At the completion of the Internship of the specified period and on the recommendation of the head of the institution where Internship was undertaken, the concerned Board or University, as the case may be shall issue the degree to the successful candidate.

PART- III

Admission to Course

4.	Minimum qualification: No candidate shall be admitted to the B.H.M.S. Graded Degree Course unless he has passed the final examination of a Diploma course in Homoeopathy of not less than four year's duration.

PART-IV

THE CURRICULUM

5.	Subjects: subjects for study and examination of the B.H.M.S (Graded Degree) Course shall be as under:-
	(i) Practice of Homoeopathic Medicine including Paediatrics, Preventive and Social Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Systemic Pathology; (ii) Homoeopathic Materia Medica (Applied and Pure); (iii) Organon of Medicine, Homoeopathic Philosophy, Chronic diseases, Psychology and Logic and Repertorisation.
*Amended in 2001

PART-V

Syllabus

*6	Syllabus for Graded Degree Course:- The following shall be the syllabus for the B.H.M.S. (Graded Degree) Course, namely: -
(i).	Practice of Homoeopathic Medicine:- Homoeopathy has a distinct approach to diseases. It recognises disease neither by prominent symptoms nor by those of any organ or part of the body. It treats the patient as a whole and the totality of symptoms exhibited by him represents the disease. Merely the name of the condition from which he suffers is thus of no significance to a Homoeopath. Therefore, in the Graded Degree Course, the subject of Practice of Homoeopathic Medicine including Paediatrics, Preventive and Social Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gyneacology and Systemic Pathology has been introduced on an integrated manner. Medicine is essentially a practical science with stress on systematic disease diagnostic pattern of case taking whereas Homoeopathic Medicine has a variation with stress on constitution, liking/disliking, thermal reaction, mental set up (including behaviour) focusing individualization besides, systematic disease diagnosis. Therefore, practice of Homoeopathic Medicine becomes practical. Therefore the teaching and training at the bedside approach is introduced to inculcate such practical aspects in the mind of the students, to prepare them true Homoeopaths. The following is the course of study for Practice of Homoeopathic Medicine: A course of systematic instructions on the Principles and Practice of Homoeopathic Medicine inclusive of therapeutic prescribing.
The instructions may be given in following manner during 1-1/2 years of clinical course in Practice of Homoeopathic Medicine:
	(A) course of General and Systemic Pathology; (B) A course of Preventive and Social Medicine which includes communicable diseases its prevention, environmental and medicine and family welfare; (C) Paediatrics: The emphasis should be laid on growth and development of child and common diseases of children; (D) Surgery: A large number of conditions are amenable to internal medication in Homoeopathy. The scope of Homoeopathy is much wider in the case with surgical dimensions but as supplement to medicine, Surgery has definite place in Homoeopathy and should be taught accordingly with that orientation. Therefore, a course of instructions on the principles of surgery shall be : - (a) Practical instructions in surgical methods including Physiotherapy; (b) Practical instructions in minor operative surgery; (c) Lectures and demonstrations on radiology; (d) Venereal diseases; (e) Orthopaedics; (f) Dental Diseases; (g) Surgical diseases of children; (h) Neurosurgery; (i) E.N.T. (j) Opthalmology;   Lectures and demonstration on surgical appliances and methods of Physiotherapy. Instructions in these branches of medicine should be directed to the attainment of sufficient knowledge to ensure familiarity with the common conditions, their recognition and homoeopathic treatment. (E) Obstetrics and Gynaecology: Students must be trained in special clinical methods of investigation for diagnosis local conditions and discriminating cases where surgical intervention, either as a life saving measure or for removing mechanical obstacles is necessary. In this context Homoeopathy adopts the same attitude towards medicine and surgery. A course of systematic instructions on the principles and practice of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Infant Hygiene with therapeutic prescribing should be given. Throughout the whole period of study, students should be directed towards the importance of diagnosis, prevention and management aspect of the conditions. The instructions in this branch of medicine should be directed to the attainment of sufficient knowledge to ensure familiarity with common conditions, recognition and treatment. In addition to the subjects mentioned above, instructions in clinical medicine may be given on the diseases of different body systems including common diseases of skin. (F) Homoeopathic Materia Medica (a) Homoeopathic Materia Medica: a) Homoeopathic Materia Medica is differently constructed as compared to other Materia Medicas. Homoeopathy considers that study of the action of drugs on individual parts or system of the body or on animals or isolate organs is only a partial study of life processes under such action and that it does not lead us to full appreciation of the action of the medicinal agent; the drug agent as a whole is lost sight of. (b) Essential and complete knowledge of the drug action as a whole can be supplied only by qualitative synoptic drug experiments on healthy persons and this alone can make it possible to view all the scattered data in relation to the psychosomatic whole of a person, and it is just such a person as a whole to the knowledge of drug action is to be applied. (c) The Homoeopathic Materia Medica consists of a schematic arrangement of symptoms produced by each drug, incorporating no theories or explanations about their interpretation or inter-relationship. Each drug should be studied synthetically, analytically and comparatively, and this alone would enable a homoeopathic student to study each drug individually and as a whole and help him to be a good prescriber. (d) Polychrests and the most commonly indicated drugs for everyday aliments should be taken up first so that in the clinical classes or outdoor duties the students become familiar with their applications. They should be thoroughly dealt with explaining all comparisons and relationship. Students should be conversant with their sphere of action and family relationship. The less common and rare drugs should be taught in outline, emphasizing only their most salient features and symptoms. Rarer drugs should be dealt with later. (e) Tutorials must be introduced so that students in small numbers can be in close touch with teachers and can be helped to study and understand Materia Medica in relation to its application in the treatment of the sick. (f) While teaching therapeutics an attempt should be made to recall the Materia Medica so that indications for drugs in a clinical conditions can directly flow out from the provings' of the drugs concerned. The student should be encouraged to apply the resources of the vast Materia Medica in any sickness and not limit himself to memories a few drugs for a particular disease. This Hahnemannian approach will not only help him in understanding the proper perspective of symptoms as applied and their curative value in sickness but will even lighten his burden as far as formal examinations are concerned. Otherwise the present trend produces the allopathic approach to treatment of diseases and is contradictory to the teaching of Organon. Application of Materia Medica should be demonstrated from cases in the outdoor and hospital wards. Lectures on comparative Materia Medica and therapeutics as well as tutorials should be as far as possible be integrated with lectures on clinical medicine in the various departments. (g) For the Teaching of drugs the college should keep herbarium sheets and other specimens for demonstration to the students. Lectures should be made interesting and slides of plants and materials may be projected. (h) (I) Introductory Lectures:   Teaching of the Homoeopathic Materia Medica should include:   (i) Nature and scope of Homoeopathic Materia Medica, (ii) Sources of Homoeopathic Materia Medica, and (iii) Different ways of studying the Materia Medica. (II) The drugs to be taught under the following heads: (i) Common name, natural order, habitat, part used, preparation, (ii) Sources of drug proving, (iii) Symptomatisation of the drug emphasizing the characteristics, symptoms and modalities, (iv) Comparative study of drugs, (v) Complementary, inimical, antidotal and concordant remedies, (vi) Therapeutic application (Applied Materia Medica). (III)A study of 12 tissue remedies according to Schussler's biochemic system of medicine. The list of drugs to be taught in BHMS (Graded Degree Course) are as per Appendix. (G) Organon and Principles of Homoeopathic Philosophy: Hahnemann's Organon of Medicine is the high water mark of medical philosophy. It is an original contribution in the field of medicine in a codified form. A study of the Organon as well as of the history of Homoeopathy and its founder's life story will show that Homoeopathy is a product of application of the inductive logical method of reasoning to the solution of one of the greatest problems of humanity namely the treatment and cure of the sick. A thorough acquaintance with the fundamental principles of logic, both deductive and inductive, is therefore essential. The Organon should accordingly be taught in such a manner as to make clear to the students the implications of the logical principles by which Homoeopathy was worked out and built up and with which a Homoeopathic physician has to conduct his daily work with case and facility in treating every concrete individual case. (1) Introductory lectures: 10 hours. Subjects: (a) What is Homoeopathy?   It is not merely a special form of therapeutics, but a complete system of medicine with its distinct approach to life, health, disease, remedy and cure. Its holistic, individualistic and dynamistic approach to life, health, disease, remedy and cure. It is out and out logical and objective basis of approach. Homoeopathy is nothing but an objective and rational system of medicine. Homoeopathy is thoroughly scientific in its approach and methods. It is based on observed facts and data on inductive and deductive logic inseparably related with observed facts and data. (b) Distinct approach of Homoeopathy to all the preclinical, clinical, and para-clinical subjects, (c) Preliminary idea about all the pre-clinical, (d) Hahnemann's organon 5th and 6th Editions-Aphorism 1 to 294, (e) Homoeopathic Philosophy (i) Kent's lectures in Homoeopathic Philosophy (ii) Stuart close – Lectures and Essays on Homoeopathic Philosophy (The Genius of Homoeopathy) (iii) H. Roberts' Art of cure by Homoeopathy (iv) Dunhum's Science of Therapeutics, (f) During the lectures on Homoeopathic Philosophy, the following items should be elucidated, The scope of Homoeopathy, The logic of Homoeopathy, Life, Health, Disease and indisposition, Susceptibility, Reaction and Immunity, General philosophy of Homoeopathic theory of acute and chronic miasms, Homoeopathic posology, Potentisation and the Infinitesimal dose and the drug potency, Examination of the patient from the homoeopathic point of view, Significance and implications of totality of symptoms, The value of symptoms, The homoeopathic aggravation, Prognosis after observing the action of the remedy, The second prescription, Difficult and incurable cases – Palliation. (g) Introduction to organon (5th and 6th Editions), (h) History of Homoeopathic Medicine – Medicine as it existed during Hahnemann's time, early, life of Hahnemann; his disgust with the existing system of treatment, his discovery of the law of similars; History of the late life of Hahnemann. Introduction of Homoeopathy in various countries; Pioneers of Homoeopathy and their contributions. Development of Homoeopathy upto the present day. The present trends in the development of Homoeopathy. Influence of Homoeopathy on other systems of medicine. (i) Hahnemann's Chronic Diseases, (j) A Lecture on doctrinal part (Aphorisms 1-70) (topic-wise discussion): Aim of physician and highest ideal of cure Aph. 1 and 2, Knowledge of physician - Aph. 3 and 4, Knowledge of disease which supplies the indication – Aph. 5 to 19, Knowledge of medicines – Aph. 19 to 21, Evaluation of Homoeopathic method from other methods of treatment Aph. – 22 to 69, Summary-three conditions for cure – Aph. 70. B Lectures on practical part of organon is to be divided into and taught under the following subjects:- What is necessary to be known in order to cure the disease and case taking methods, Aph. – 70 to 104. The pathogenetic powers of medicine, i.e. drug proving or how to acquire knowledge of medicine Aph. 105 – 145. How to choose the right medicine - Aph. 147, 148, 149, 150, 153, 155. The right dose- Aph. 185, 186, 187, 189, 190, 191, 196, 197, 199, 201, 202 and 203. Chronic disease – Aph. 204, 206 and 208. Mental disease – Aph. 210-230. Intermittent disease – Aph. 231, 232, 236, 237, 238, 240, 241, 242. Diet, regimen and the modes of employing medicine, Aph. 245, 246, 247, 248, 252, 253, 257, 259, 262, 263, 269, 270, 271, 273, 275, 276, 278, 280, 286, 289, 290 and 291. C Clinical lectures on both in and out patient departments. Examination of the patient from Homoeopathic point of view: Disease determination Disease individualization Evaluation of symptoms The value of symptoms. Gradation of symptoms Selection of medicine and potency and repetition of dose. Disease aggravation or Homoeopathic aggravation. Miasmatic diagnosis. Second prescription. Prognosis after observing the action of the remedy. H Psychology Introduction to normal psychology: Definition of Psychology as a science and its difference from other sciences. Conception of the mind. Mesmar and his theory, Hypnotism structure of conscious, Development of Libide. Fraud and his theory-Dynamics of the unconsciousness. Other contemporary schools of Psychology. Relation between mind body in health and disease. Perception, Imagination, Ideation, Intelligence. Cognition, Conation, Affect, Instinct, Sentiment, Behaviours. (I) Homoeopathic Repertory:   Homoeopathic Materia Medica is an encyclopedia of symptoms. No mind can memorize all the symptoms of all the drugs together with their characteristic gradation. The Repertory is an index, a catalogue of the symptoms of the Materia Medica, neatly arranged in a practical form, and also indicating the relative gradation of drugs, and it greatly, facilities quick selection of the indicated remedy. It is impossible to practice Homoeopathy without the aid of Repertories, and the best repertory is that fullest. It is possible to obtain the needed correspondence between drugs and disease conditions in a variety of ways and degrees, and there are therefore different types of repertories, each with its own distinctive advantage in finding the similimum. Case Taking: Difficulties of taking a chronic case. Recording of case and usefulness of record keeping. Totality of symptoms, prescribing symptoms; uncommon, peculiar and characteristic symptoms, general and particular symptoms; eliminating symptoms analysis of the case, uncommon and common symptoms, gradation and evaluation of symptoms; importance of mental symptoms, kinds and sources of general symptoms. History of Repertories Types of Repertories Demonstration of three cases worked on Boenninghausen Kent's Repertory – advanced study with case demonstration Boger Boenninghausen Repertory – his contribution to repertory Card Repertory with demonstration of five cases, limitation and advantages of Card repertories, theoretical lectures with demonstrations.   PRACTICAL: Students are to repertorise: short cases on Kent, 10 Chronic (Long cases on Kent) 5 cases to be cross checked. Appendix Abies Canadensis Abies Niagra Abrotanum Acalypha indica Acetic acidum Aconite nap Actea recemoss Actea spicata Aethusa cynapium Aesculus hippocastanum Adonis vernalis Adrenaline Agaricus muscarious Agnus castus Allium cepa Aloes soc Alumina Ambra grisea Ammonium carb Ammonium mur Anacardium Anthracinum Antimonium arsenicosum Antimonium crudum Antimonium tart Apocynum cannabinum Apis mel Argentum metallicum Argentum nitricum Arnica montana Arsenicum album Arsenic iodatum Arum triphyllum Artemesia vulgaris Asafoetida Asterias rubens Aurum metallicum Avena sativa Bacillinum Baptisia Baryta carbonicum Baryta mur Baryta mur Belladonna Bellis perennis Benzoicum acidum Berberis vulgaris Bismuthum Blatta orientalis Borax Bovista Bromium Bryonia alba Bufo rana Cactus grandiflous Caladium Calcarea ars Calcarea carb Calcarea flour Calcarea phos Calcarea sulph Claendula officianalis Camphora Canabis indica Canabis sativa Cantharis Capsicum Carbolicum acidum Carbo veg Cardus marianus Carcinocin Caulophyllum Causticum Ceanonthus Cedron simaruba ferroginea Chamomilla Chelidonium maj China officinalis Chinimum ars Cholesterinum Cicuta viross Cina Clematis erecta Coca Cocculus indica Coffea cruda Colchicum Collinsonia Canadensis Colocynthis Condurango Conium mac Corallium Crataegus oxy Crocus Sativa Crotalus horridus Croton tig Cuprum ars Cuprum metallicum Cyclamen Dioscorea villosa Digitalis Diphtherinum Drosera Dulcamera Equisetum Erigeron Eupatorium perfoliatum Euphrasia officinalis Ferrum mettalicum Ferrum phos Flouric acidum Gelsemium Glonoine Graphitis Hammamelis vir Hepar sulph Helleborus Helonius Hydrastis Hydrocotyle asiatica Hyoscyamus Ignatia amara Iodum Ipecacunaha Kali bichromicum Kali bromatum Kali carb Kali muriaticum Kali phosphoricum Kali sulphuricum Kalmia Kreosotum Lac caninum Lachesis Ledum pal Lilium tigrinum Lithium carb Lobelia inflata Lycopodium Lyssin Magnesia carbonica Magnesia muriatica Magnesia phosphorica Malandrinum Medorrihnum Melilotus Menyanthes Mephitis Mercurius corrosivus Mercurius cyanatus Mercurius dulcis Mercurius solibillis Mercurius Sulph Mezerium Millifolium Moschus Murex Muriatic acidum Naja tripudians Natrum carb Natrum muriaticum Natrum phosphoricum Natrum sulphuricum Nitric acidum Nux moschetta Nux vomica Onosmodium Opium Oxalic acidum Passiflora incarnata Petroleum Phosphoric acidum Phosphorus Physostigma Picricum acidum Podophyllum Platina Plumbum met Podophyllum Psorinum Pulsatilla Pyrogenium Radium bromide Rananculus bulbosus Raphanus Ratanhia Rehum Rhododendron Rhus toxicodendron Rumex Ruta G Sabadilla Sabal serullata Sabina Sambucus nigra Sangunaria can Sanicula Sarsaparilla Secale cornutum Selenium Sepia Silicea Spigelia Squilla Stanum Staphisagria Stramonium Spongia tosta Sticta pulmonalis Sulphur Sulphuricum acidum Symphytum Syphilinum Syzygium jambolanum Tabacum Tarentula cubensis Taraxicum Teribinthina Theridion Thlapsi bursa pastoris Thuja occidentalis Thyroidinum Trillium pendulum Tuberculinum Urtica urens Ustilago Vaccininum Valeriana Variolinum Veratrum alb Veratrum viride Viburnum opulus Vinca minor Vipera X-Ray Zincum met * Amended vide Notification Date 28th December, 2001 published in official gazette.

PART VI

EXAMINATION

B.H.M.S. GRADED DEGREE COURSE EXAMINATION.

*7.	Admission to examination, scheme of examination etc.
(1)	A candidate who fulfills any of the following conditions may be admitted to the B.H.M.S (Graded Degree Course) examination:-
	(a) he holds a Diploma in Homoeopathy or has passed an equivalent examination and has regularly attended the following theoretical and practical courses of instructions in the subjects of the examination over a period of atleast 1½ years subsequent to his passing the Diploma examination in a Homoeopathic College to the satisfaction of the Principal of the college. Provided that teachers of Homoeopathic Colleges or Homoeopathic Physicians working in Homoeopathic Dispensaries or Hospitals holding a Diploma obtained after 4 years of study or possessing qualifications in the Third Schedule of the Act and having a minimum of three years of regular teaching or clinical experience. (b) not being a teacher of a Homoeopathic College or a Homoeopathic Physician in a Dispensary or Hospital run by the Central Government or a State Government, he holds, a Diploma in Homoeopathy obtained after 4 years of study or possesses qualifications included in the Third schedule of the Act, and has eight years' professional experience.   The course of minimum number of lectures, demonstrations and practical/clinical classes in the subject shall be as follows:
Subjects Theoretical Practical/ Tutorial/ Clinical classes *Introductory Lectures 150 (Including demonstration, practical classes) Pathology 40 hrs. 20 hrs. Biochemistry 40 hrs. 20 hrs. Preventive, Social Medicine including health education & Family Medicine 60 hrs. 20 hrs Repertory 80 hrs. 50 hrs Materia-Medica including Pharmacological action of drugs 200 hrs (in 1½ years) 100 hrs (2 months of clinical training in homoeo. OPD & IPD as clinical clerkship) Organon & Philosophy 100 (in 1½ years) 25 Practice of Medicine including homoeopathic therapeutics 200 (in 1½ years) 100-(2 months of clinical training in OPD & IPD as clinical clerkship) Children's diseases Mental diseases Skin diseases   40 40 (including 15 Homoeo. Therap ) 20 (Homoeo. Therap.) 15 15 15 Surgery including homoeo-pathic therapeutics 150 (in 1½ years) 100-(2 months of clinical training in OPD & IPD as clinical clerkship) E.N.T. 15 15 Eye 25 15 Dental 15 10 Radiology 15 10 Obstetric & Gynaecology including Homoe. therapeutics and infant Hygiene. 100 50 (2 months of training in OPD & IPD as clinical clerkship)
Note: The total number of minimum hours prescribed in 1½ years comes to 2000 during the course and these hours should be utilized fully for teaching and training programme.
	* The students should be given introductory lectures on the importance of Biochemistry and Pathology in Homoeopathic practice acquaintance with pharmacological action of some of the commonly used modern drugs so as to give them idea about iatrogenic diseases caused by these modern drugs. They should also be exposed to the greater details about the history of medicine in general with special reference to the emergence of Homoeopathy; contribution made by Hahnemann to medicine in general; the history of the development of Homoeopathy in India; a brief study of logic psychology and psychiatry and introduction to Biostatistics; the role of physician in the changing society; national health and Family Welfare needs and programmes; applied Materia Medica and the diseases; various schools of thought in Homoeopathy and their critical evaluation; comparative study of fundamental concept of treatment in various systems of medicine. Greater emphasis should be laid on teaching of homoeopathic materia medica with the help of drug pictures of important drugs and on the homoeopathic philosophy.
(2)	The B.H.M.S. Graded Degree examination shall be divided into two Parts – Part-I and Part-II. The examination in Part-I shall be held at the end of six months and Part-II at the end of eighteen months.
(3)	Candidate must clear all papers of Part-I examination at-least six months before appearing in the papers of Part-II examination. Provided the candidates enrolled in B.H.M.S. Graded examinations under provision of clause (a) and under clause (b) of sub-regulation (i) of regulation 7 of principal Regulations shall have an option to take the examinations in Part-I & Part-II jointly at the end of 18 months.
(4)	All the three major subjects shall be divided into Part-I and Part-II examinations.
(5)	The examinations shall consist of theoretical papers and practical/clinical including oral examinations.
(6)	Pass marks in all the subjects, both Homoeopathic and Allied subjects shall be 50% in written and 50% in practical, including oral.
(7)	A candidate who obtains atleast 75% marks or above in aggregate in all subjects shall be deemed to have passed the examination with honours, provided that he has passed the examination in first attempt.

PART-II

(a)	The examination in Practice of Homoeopathic Medicine shall consist of two written papers and one practical/clinical including oral examination. The written paper I shall cover the following into two sections:-
	Section 1  :  Practice of Medicine. Section 2  :  Homoeopathic Therapeutics.
	The written paper II shall cover the following in two sections:-
	Section 1   : Surgery with Gynaecology, ENT, Orthopaedics, Dentistry. Section 2   : Homoeopathic Therapeutics
(b)	The examination in Materia Medica shall consist of one written paper and one practical paper. The written paper shall be divided into two sections:
	Section 1   : Drugs from the list of drugs in Appendix. Section 2   : Comparative Materia Medica and Applied Materia Medica.
(c)	The examination in Organon of Medicine and Homoeopathic Philosophy shall consist of one written paper and one oral including bed-side clinical examination. The written paper shall consist of the following two sections:
	Section 1   : Homoeopathic Philosophy, concept of Homoeopathic Art of cure with reference to Kent, Robert, Stuart Close and others. Section 2   : Detailed fundamental causes of diseases i.e. miasma, theory of its logical interpretations as applied in practice.
(10)	Full marks for each subject and minimum number of marks required for passing shall be as follows:-
Subject Written Oral (including practical) Total Full marks Pass marks Full marks Pass marks Full marks Pass marks 1 Practice of Homoeopathic Medicine including Surgery (with Homoeopathic therapeutics) 200 100 100 50 300 150 2 Materia Medica 100 50 100 50 200 100 3 Organon of Medicine, Homoeopathic Philosophy 100 50 100 50 200 100
(11)	Full marks for oral including practical for each subject shall be divided as under:-
Practice of Homoeopathic Medicine: 100 Marks One long case with Homoeopathic management 30 Marks One short case of Surgery with Homoeopathic management 20 Marks Oral including X-rays, instruments and specimens 50 Marks
Materia Medica: 100 Marks Case Presentation with regards to Homoeopathic remedies 50 Marks Oral 40 Marks Journal 10 Marks
Organon of Medicine: 100 Marks Case Presentation with disease determination, second prescription 50 Marks Oral 50 Marks
(12)	Results of Part II shall be declared if a candidate takes the examination in both the Parts I and II jointly and unless he has passed Part I examination.
8.	Results and Readmission to Examination-
(1)	There shall not be more than two examinations in an year with an interval of four to six months between the examinations.
(2)	All the examinations shall ordinarily be held on such dates, time and place as the examining body may determine.
(3)	Every candidate for admission to an examination shall, at least 21 days before the date fixed for the commencement of the examination, send to the authority concerned his application in the prescribed form along with the examination fee.
(4)	The examining body shall as soon as may be after the examination publish a list of successful candidates.
(5)	Every candidate shall, on passing the examination, receive a certificate in the form prescribed by the examining body concerned.
(6)	If a candidate fails to pass in all the subjects within the prescribed four chances, he shall be required to prosecute a further course of study in all the subjects of and in all parts for one year to the satisfaction of the head of the college and appear for examination in all the subjects. Provided that if a student appearing for Part-II BHMS examination has only one subject to pass at the end of prescribed chances, he shall be allowed to appear at the next examination in the particular subject and shall complete the examination with this special chance.
(7)	The examining body may, under exceptional circumstances partially or wholly cancel any examination conducted by it under intimation to the Central Council of Homoeopathy and arrange for conducting the re-examination in those subjects within a period of thirty days from the date of such cancellation.
(8)	Grace marks shall be awarded to the students only on exceptional circumstances on a general principle and norm fixed by the examining body from time to time"
9.	Examiners:
(i)	No person other than the holder of a Diploma obtained after 4 year's o of study or a Degree in Homoeopathy or a person possessing qualification included in the third schedule shall be appointed as internal or external examiner or paper-setter for the conduct of a professional examination for any of the B.H.M.S.(Graded Degree Course) course.
Provided that –
	(a) no such person shall be appointed as an internal examiner unless he has at least three years teaching experience in the subject. (b) no person below the rank of Reader/Assistant Professor in the subject of a Degree level institutional shall be appointed as an internal examiner. (c) no person shall be appointed as an external examiner in any allied medical subject unless he possesses a recognized medical qualification as required for appointment to a teaching post in accordance with Annexure "E" of the Homoeopathy(Minimum Standard of Education) Regulations 1983. (d) external examiner shall be drawn only from the teaching staff of Homoeopathic Colleges and Colleges of Modern Medicine. (e) not more than one-third of the total number of external examiners shall be drawn from amongst practitioners in Homoeopathy or Modern Medicine who, in the opinion of the examining body, are practitioners of repute and who have obtained a Homoeopathic qualification or a medical qualification recognized under the Indian Medical Council, Act, 1956. (f) persons in Government employment may also be considered for appointment as external examiners provided they possess a medical qualification as specified in sub-regulation (e) above. (g) a paper-setter may be appointed as an internal or external examiner.
(ii) The examining body may appoint a single moderator or moderators not exceeding three in number for the purpose of moderating question papers. (iii) Oral and practical examination shall as rule be conducted by the respective internal examiners with mutual co-operation. They shall each have 50% of the maximum marks out of which they shall allot marks to the candidates appearing at the examination according to their performance and the marks-sheets so prepared shall be signed by both the and External examiners. Either of the examiners shall the right to prepare and sign and send separate marks-sheet separately to the examining body together with his comments. The examining body shall take due note of such comments but it shall have declare results on the basis of the marks-sheet. (iv) Every Homoeopathic College shall provide all facilities to the internal and external examiners for the conduct of examinations, and the internal examiner shall make all preparation for holding the examination. (v) The external examiner shall have the right to communicate to the Examining body his views and observations about any shortcoming or in the facilities not provided by the Homoeopathic College. (vi) He shall also submit a copy of his communication to the Central Council for such action as the Central Council may consider fit.